Multiple Chemical Sensitivities Addendum to Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology (1992) / Chapter Skim
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Immunological Mechanisms of Disease and the Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome
Immunological Mechanisms of Disease and the Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome
Pages 155-168
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From page 155... ...
What Is egresses by &cia~mers is a belief that the mech~n~cm of the syndrome Is a mental disturbance such as somadzation, and at this stage the somatization hypo~es~s is one of several to be considered by investigators desiring clinical research protocols. This article will &cuss proposed and hypothetical immunological mechanisms for the Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome.
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From page 156... ...
A case definition of the Multiple chemical Sensitivity Syndrome based on the experience of occupational medicine specialists around He country has been presented (Cohen, 1989~. Table 3 gives the seven cr~tena presented In this case definition.
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From page 157... ...
. Indoor ~ cont~ants utility gas cow smoke fumes Tom fresh paint, turpentine, mineral spirits, detergents fragrances from toiletries and perfumes cleaning products such as bleach, ammonia, disinfectants Aspect sprays and repeliants odorous synthetic carpets, pads, adhesives, and building materials "J57 Outdoor air contaminants automobile and diesel exhaust industrial ~ pollutants paint manufacturing and sulfur-processiDg fumes fumes from roof tar and roads Chemical additives and contaminants of food and water nsectiades and fumigant residues some chemical preservatives sulfur residues chemical flavonag and sweetening agents plastic containers and lined tins chIonde In water Synthetic drugs, cosmetics, and miscellaneous chemicals medications, including aspirin, sulfonamides, synthetic vitamins aDer~c emacts or other biologic materials that contain phenol cosmetics synthetic textiles bed linens washed with detergents, dried ~ gas driers, or impregnated with synthetic starch or sing that The patient with multiple chemical sensitivities can be discovered by removal from the suspected offending agents and by renhahenge, after an appropriate mte~va]
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From page 158... ...
The word Chemical is used because our focus Is on the stress of exposure to en~onmenta1 chemicals, though some would argue that emotional and other stresses can "cross react" with chemical exposures. The stages of the Hypothetical Chemical Stress Syndrome (HCSS)
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From page 159... ...
It may still be important to remove an ~ndEw~ual who has reached the irreversible tissue cleavage of Stage 3 from the chemical environment because it may be that inflammation can occur in other tissues. What many clinicians caD the Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome Is Stage 1 of the Hypothetical Chemical Stress Syndrome.
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From page 160... ...
LhIMUNOPATHOGENESIS OF DISEASE AND CHEMICAL SENSllWITIES It Is well known that the interaction of the immune system with environmental chemicals can cause disease. In this section, Me known immunological mechanisms of &ease will be reviewed, and Weir possible relationship to the multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome win be discussed.
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From page 161... ...
There are at least theoretical analogies In immunology to the spreading phenomena discussed for patients with multiple chemical sensitivities. The concept of an environmental adjuvant has been introduced to describe substances which induce an immune response to other substances.
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From page 162... ...
It can be argued that the expression multiple chemically sensitivity is best used as an etiology, not as a medical diagnosis. The hypothesis presented Section II Is that a number of inflammatory conditions can arise from the chronic stress of exposure to environmental chemicals, and it may be that the venous conditions develops Tom chemical exposures may have different immunological profiles reflecting the medical diagnosis rather than the chemical etiology.
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From page 163... ...
These investigators found low level IgG, Igl:, and IBM titers to f-HSA, In the 1:4 to 1:16 range, in chemically sensitive patients. WeD-established associations between diseases and antibody titers, such as the accoC~ation of systemic lupus erythematos~ th anti-DNA titers, are characterized by
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From page 164... ...
Immune mediators modulate the central nervous system. As the airway becomes inflamed ma~ophages are recanted to the area and beam to process antigens, including organic chemicals bound to tissue proteins, for presentation to lymphocytes.
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From page 165... ...
One would then have the possibility of protean manifestations of chemical exposures depending on one's "learned" or acquired responses. It is instructive to discuss the Hypothetical Chemical Stress Syndrome of fig.
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From page 166... ...
Do patients with chemical sensitivities, including those with diagnosable disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, progress through the stages of the stress syndrome when their chemical environments are manipulated? This question can be answered by placing patients with candidate diseases In an En~ro~ental Control Unit and studying clinical and laboratory changes ~ their health.
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From page 167... ...
1989. The Worker With Multiple Chemical Sensitivities: An Overview." In, CuDen, M
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From page 168... ...
Youdim, et al., 1986. T&B lymphocyte parameters measured In chemically sensitive patients and controls.
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