Commercialization of New Materials for a Global Economy (1993) / Chapter Skim
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2. New Materials and Their Commercialization
2. New Materials and Their Commercialization
Pages 11-24
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From page 11... ...
A few specific examples given by the workshop participants include materials that exhibit: · unprecedented composition, such as YBa2Cu3O7, a hightemperature superconducting ceramic; · unusual purity, such as silica-based optical fibers for optical communication; 11
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Evolutionary materials are usually producible with existing plant and equipment, whereas revolutionary materials most often require major new facilities. Revolutionary advances generally involve greater risk and cost, and usually represent discontinuous change—that is, to fully exploit their properties often requires developing entirely new compositions or processes.
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From page 13... ...
NATURE OF THE COMMERCIALIZATION PROCESS The process of fundamental and applied research' technology development, and the use of that technology in designing and manufacturing products can be described in a general way. Workshop participants examined the phases of the commercialization process in terms of function or activity that is performed at each step.
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14 Commercialization of New Materials for a Global Economy cn .
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New Materials and 7heir Commercialization ~ Q O.C a' !
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From page 16... ...
In the final analysis, the materials supplier, component manufacturer, and final product manufacturer or assembler all must make returns on their investments, so materials commercialization ultimately must stand the test of profitability of the final manufactured product. Workshop participants examined and discussed case studies of four materials—Kevlar, metal-matrix composites, carbon-fiber composites, and carbon-carbon composites—presented at the workshop.
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The Need for "Champions." In-house "champions" willing to argue enthusiastically for the commercialization effort for a particular material are essential, and ideally they should exist at both the technical and executive levels. However, overenthusiastic promotion can mislead by generating unwarranted optimism about the technical problems and the prospective market.
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The most fruitful situation is a continuing partnership between the supplier and the user, involving two-way communication of requirements, capabilities, and experience with the material. Usersupplier communication between those engaged in a particular commercialization effort is most effective on a specific, in-depth, technical level.
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From page 19... ...
However, entrepreneurs often do not have the funding available to sustain an extended R&D and product development effort, particularly if an early market collapses or an adverse decision about adopting the new material is made. A part of the difficulty the United States has had in competing over the past decade or longer has been the apparent, but not well documented, fact that other nations (notably Japan)
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From page 20... ...
. it aggressively; an emphasis on continuous improvement of products, rather than abrupt discontinuity between successive products; · a willingness to use off-the-shelf components wherever possible, rather than designing every component from scratch; a consumer public eager to purchase and try technological innovations and supported by rigid distribution and dealer networks that demand rapid matching by competitors' products; ~ a large and highly skilled engineering work force with a strong product orientation and low turnover rate among companies.
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From page 21... ...
Faster commercialization of new materials is of importance to the government for two reasons: ( 1 ) to ensure the government's ability to specify and procure advanced military and space systems that depend on new materials, while obtaining maximum benefits from available materials technologies at costs that represent commercial production, and (2)
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Reducing acquisition costs and ensuring the availability of desirable new materials requires developing a commercial market for the material and then meeting that demand with domestic production. The increasing concern with U.S.
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Advanced materials applications will be characterized by greater price sensitivity and speed to market. Whereas at one time the defense sector was looked upon as the leader in technological development, it is increasingly becoming a follower, as more complex technologies are developed in a growing commercial sector.
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24 Commercialization of New Materials for a Global Economy where DOD is being urged to replace military with dual militaryindustrial standards that will be guided primarily by industrial needs (FCCSET, 1992~.
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