Nutrition Services in Perinatal Care Second Edition (1992) / Chapter Skim
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4 Basic Nutrition Services for Newborn Infants
4 Basic Nutrition Services for Newborn Infants
Pages 57-66
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From page 57... ...
Human milk provides all essential nutrients in a form that is easily digested and absorbed and in amounts that allow normal growth and development of full-term infants (assuming adequate exposure to sunlight)
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From page 58... ...
Most women make decisions about how to feed their infant before or during pregnangy.45 A small randomized study demonstrated that prenatal breastfeeding education was associated with higher rates of breastfeeding by low-income African-American women than by their counterparts in a control group.6 Thus, infonnation to support the decision to breastfeed should be provided preconceptionally and prenatally, and methods to convey the information need to consider outside influences on decision making.7 Women may benefit from practical information about how to breastfeed offered during prenatal visits or classes as well as in the immediate postpartum period. The logical times for health care providers to provide direct assistance to and support for the breastteeding mother are when she first initiates feedings and when her milk "comes in." Advice and support are also needed for mothers who encounter difficulties or have concerns in the following weeks or months.
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From page 59... ...
by helping with practical details such as how to pump and store milk and (2) by providing information to the worksite about the advantages of supporting breastfeeding and about helpful short-term strategies, such as alterations In work schedules and a private place for expressing mill To make breastfeeding a more realistic option for women after they leave the hospital or birth center will require greater community acceptance of and tangible support for breastfeeding as the preferred method of feeding babies.
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From page 60... ...
In Western Europe, home visits (usually by specially trained nurses) are widely used in postnatal care: seven of nine countries always provided at least one postnatal home visit in 1982.~9 In the United States, the value of home visits for a variety of purposes is receiving increasing recognition.20~30 Home visits offer unique opportunities for care providers to observe infant feeding and care practices, the mother's coping skills, and the resources available to the mother; they also allow follow-up of many other aspects of maternal and infant health.
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From page 61... ...
· Offer or Range structured programs to provide information about infant feeding choices to pregnant women and their partners and to support breastfeeding efforts in the hospital and following discharge. D r ~, · Provide support for and assistance to breastfeeding mothers as described in the preceding section "Planning for the Support of the Breastfeeding Woman." This may include special support for mothers of twins or triplets and for those who plan to continue breastteeding after returning to work or school.
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From page 62... ...
is available locally, a nutrition teaching aide can help low-income families stretch their food dollars and make more healthful food choices during lactation; a visiting nurse can provide breastfeeding support and assist the mother in the safe handling of her expressed milk or of formula; and a communist health worker may help link the mother with needed resources. WIC staff can offer helpful information on food choices during lactation and on breastfeeding management for those women who are enrolled in the program.
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From page 63... ...
This may include information regarding the management of successful breastteeding, hygienic measures for the safe handling and feeding of formula and supplementary foods, the appropriate use of infant formula, the indications for and safe use of nutrient supplements, the supplementation of breastfeeding or formula with other foods or fluids, the prevention of baby bottle-mouth syndrome, or any combination of these.
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From page 64... ...
Emphasis should be placed on appropriate anticipatory guidance both pre- and postnatally, direct support in the hospital, and a variety of fonns of assistance with breastfeeding management after discharge. Early home visits offer a promising strategy for supporting continued breastfeeding.
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1991. Infant feeding practices of migrant face laborers in northern Colorado.
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1985. Effectiveness of home visits by public health nurses in maternal and child health: an empirical review.
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