Body Composition and Physical Performance Applications for the Military Services (1990) / Chapter Skim
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5 Effects of Experimental Alterations in Excess Weight on Physiological Responses to Exercise and Physical Performance
5 Effects of Experimental Alterations in Excess Weight on Physiological Responses to Exercise and Physical Performance
Pages 71-88
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From page 71... ...
The research objective was to use an experimental model to simulate the effects of different levels of body fatness in order to determine whether the cross-sectional data available describing relationships between percent body fat (BF) and physical performance reflected cause and effect.
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From page 72... ...
During maximal running, addition of excess weight did not significantly affect ventilation, oxygen uptake in liters per minute, or heart rate but systematically decreased VO2maX (ml/kg TW x minute) , treadmill run time, and 12-minute run performance.
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From page 73... ...
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From page 74... ...
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From page 75... ...
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From page 76... ...
CURETON ~ 3750 3500 Z 3000 :E Cal 3250 2 750 3 64 ,,. 6 0 ~ 56 _ 52 x 48 Cal a> 44 0 5 10 15 % A W no l 0 5 10 15 % A W FIGURE 5-2 Individual values for the 12-minute run performance and VO2max (mllkg total weight x minute)
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From page 77... ...
weight causally affects VO2max expressed relative to weight and distance running performance and (b) two alternate metabolic explanations can be given for the detrimental effect of excess weight on distance running performance.
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From page 78... ...
An alternate explanation is that excess (fat) weight reduces the VO2max expressed relative to weight without affecting the oxygen requirement of submaximal running per unit weight.
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From page 79... ...
Thus, acute changes in the fat-free component of the body that accompany weight loss or gain may have effects not accounted for by the model. The validity of the model is supported by data indicating that the increased oxygen required to walk at a given submaximal speed brought about by adding weight to the trunk using a backpack is the same as that produced by a similar weight gain produced by overeating (Hanson, 1973~.
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From page 80... ...
The VO2max expressed relative to fat-free weight (FFW) of the groups was also not significantly different, which indicates that the men and women Female Gender 1+ % Fat _~ V02max (ml/kg BW x mint i_ Distance Run Performance FIGURE 5-6 Diagram of the effects of gender on percent body fat, VO2 maX (ml/kg body weight x minute)
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From page 81... ...
The objective of the AW condition was to equate the mean percentage EW carried by the men and women. EW was defined as the sum of fat weight and added external weight.
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From page 82... ...
The mean VO2max expressed in liters per minute and relative to body weight was significantly higher in the men, with the mean gender difference for VO2maX (ml/kg BW x minute) being 6 ml/kg x minute (11 percent)
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From page 83... ...
Broken vertical lines indicate mean treadmill run times. SOURCE: Cureton and Sparling (1980)
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From page 84... ...
VO2max in liters per minute or expressed relative to FEW was not significantly affected by equating excess weight, but VO2max expressed relative to body weight was significantly reduced by an average of 3.9 ml, which reduced the mean gender difference by 65 percent. With excess weight equated in the groups of men and women, there was no significant difference between the men and women in VO2max expressed relative to TW or FEW, with mean differences being 2.1 ml (3.8 percent)
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From page 85... ...
PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE, BODY FAT AND WOMEN ATHLETES The third study (Johnson, 1978) , in which the AW model was used, compared the physical performance changes associated with increased BF based on cross-sectional data with performance changes resulting from added external weight in women athletes.
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From page 86... ...
The slopes of the regression lines relating percent BF to the performance scores based on the cross-sectional data were very similar to the regression lines indicating the average effect of the AW (Figure 5-10~. Therefore, it was concluded that changes in performance associated with increased BF are similar to changes that result from AW.
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From page 87... ...
1980. Distance running performance and metabolic responses to running in men and women with excess weight experimentally equated.
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From page 88... ...
CURETON 1978. Effect of experimental alterations in excess weight on aerobic capacity and distance running performance.
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