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From page 193... ... See Methods 193 Aquifer sensitivity assessment methods, 45 Artificial recharge wells, 18 Associative methods. See Statistical methods Atrazine, 32 Attenuation Factor (AF) Read the entire page →
From page 194... ... , 125-126 Chemical databases, 10, 176 Chemigation, 18, 21 Circular A- 16, 106, 108 Clay in soils, 2, 42-43, 90 and sampling, 85 Cleanup and control of contamination, 4, 14, 31, 34 Climate, databases, 9, 91, 123-126, 182 Climatic Data Access Facility, 125- 126 Cluster analysis, 60, 61 CMLS, 54, 56, 57, 58 Compliance monitoring, 34 Computers and computing, 22, 39, 40 environments, 7-8, 86-87 errors in, 8, 66, 96 see also Geographic information systems; Process-based simulation models Concentrations of contaminants, 7, 19, 80 INDEX regulatory limits, 34 and sampling methods, 85-86 and statistical methods, 6, 45 Conceptual errors, 66 Conditions on site use, 34 Confidence intervals, and map cells, 7, 67, 77-78 Confinement over aquifers, 43, 48 Contaminant pathways. See Flow paths Coordination among programs, 5, 39, 40 Federal, 105- 108, 124 GIS facilitation of, 94 State and local, 108- 109 weather data, 124-125 Counterintuitive situations, 11, 179 County assessments, 23, 37 soil databases, 90, 113 Coupled transport models, 6, 45, 53 Cracks, 3, 18, 21, 94 Cross-contamination, 22 D Data Base Analyzer and Parameter Estimator (DBAPE) Read the entire page →
From page 195... ... See Geographic information systems; Maps and mapping Distributions of contaminants, 6, 45 DRASTIC, 50, 51, 52, 53, 81, 84 Cape Cod use, 141, 143, 144 Florida use, 148, 150, 166 Drinking water, 13, 14, 33 in Florida, 145- 146 in vulnerability definitions, 17 E Ecosystems, 13, 33 Education. See Public education Elevation, 109, 110-112, 120, 126 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Read the entire page →
From page 196... ... See Federal government; Local government; Planning agencies; Regulation; State government Graphic display. See Geographic information systems; Maps and mapping GRASS Waterworks, 90, 91 Grid-cell based systems, 8, 87 Groundwater Atlas of the United States, 121 Ground water vulnerability assessment methods, 45 Ground Water Vulnerability Index for Nitrates (GWVIN) Read the entire page →
From page 197... ... See also Depth to water table; Flow paths; Recharge rate; Soil properties; Topography; Unsaturated zone and assessment methods, 45 databases, 2, 9, 63, 121 - 123, 177, 183 and degradation rate, 10, 179 Florida, 145- 146 Iowa, 137-138 and method selection, 5, 37 and overlay and index methods, 2, 5-6, 19, 45, 48-53 and process-based models, 54-55, 56, 57 San Joaquin Valley, 152 and statistical methods, 61 in vulnerability definitions, 17, 18 Hydrologic study units (HSUs) , 61 and scale, 23 I Illinois, 51, 52 Index methods, 2, 3, 5-6, 19, 45, 46, 48, 62, 95, 173 GWVIP, 15, 52, 162-165, 167 Hawaii use of, 160- 161, 166 USDA hybrid approach, 10, 28, 165, 167 use in Florida, 9, 28, 150, 166 Index value results, 7, 80 Injection wells, 14, 18 In stud measurements research needs, 10, 175 - 176 Integrated assessments. Read the entire page →
From page 198... ... See Digital Elevation Model; Geographic information systems, and modeling; Process-based simulation models Monitoring activities and data, 28, 32, 34, 40, 81, 85-86 in California, 28, 153, 166 National Pesticide Survey, 14, 81, 84 and statistical methods, 6, 63 Monte Carlo techniques, 57, 70-72, 77 Multicounty assessments, 23, 37, 120 Multiple-phase transport models, 6, 43, 45 Multiple regression, 62 Multistate assessments, 23, 114, 120 Multivariate statistical techniques, 60, 62 N National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) , 130 National Alachlor Well Water Survey, 81, ~eograpn~c Information systems; 84 Index methods; Land use and National assessments, 23, 37 land cover databases; Overlay methods; Resolution; Scales and scaling; Soil maps databases, 114, 120, 121, 174 USDA, 10, 28, 162-165, 167 Read the entire page →
From page 199... ... , 112 National Herbicide Use Database, 130 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climate Program regional centers, 125 and President's Water Quality Initiative, 15 National Park Service, 123 National Pesticide Survey, 14, 81, 84 National Resource Inventory (NRI) Read the entire page →
From page 200... ... See Cells and polygons Population at risk, 13, 17 in Florida, 145- 146 in Hawaii, 156 Postaudit analyses, 78.79 Potential evaporation, 123, 124 Precipitation, 20-21, 124 databases, 2, 91, 123, 125, 126 Florida, 146 Preferential flow paths, 3, 11, 21-22, 94-95, 177, 178 and process-based models, 6, 58-59, 94-95 President's Water Quality Initiative, 15, 162, 164 Probability, 3, 6, 7, 8, 20, 80, 96-97, 171 in statistical methods, 6, 60 in stochastic models, 57 Process-based simulation models, 2, 6, 19, 37, 45, 47, 48, 53-60, 94, 95, 173 Cape Cod use, 9, 28, 140-141, 166 data quality and availability, 6, 27, 37-38, 53, 56, 94, 105 Hawaii use of, 160- 161, 166 hybrid methods, 10, 28, 165, 167, 179 and preferential flow paths, 6, 58-59, 94-95 use in Oahu, 10, 28 INDEX Program management, 4, 31, 32-33 Protecting the Nation's Ground Water: EPA's Strategy for the l990s, 16 PRZM, 52, 53, 55, 56, 70-72, 90 Hawaii use of, 160 Pseudospecific vulnerability, 52-53 Public education, 4, 27, 31, 35, 40, 172 in Cape Cod assessment, 35 federal geographic data, 108 in Iowa assessment, 35, 136, 172 Pumping, 18,22, 81, 86 Cape Cod, 140, 141-142 Florida, 145 Purging, 86 Purposeful placement, 1, 16, 18 R Recharge rate, 2, 42, 43 Iowa assessment, 136 in overlay and index methods, 48, 49, 50 and uncertainty analysis, 73 Recharge zones, 20-21 Cape Cod, 141-142, 165-166 identification of, 10, 50, 176 Reference location, 3, 20-21, 81, 97 in overlay and index methods, 46, 48, 50 used in selected methods, 46-47, 48 Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) program, 121 Regional assessments, 37, 50, 173 databases, 45, 114 and process-based models, 53, S9-60 scales, 23 and statistical methods, 61 testing of, 7-8, 78, 80-84 Regional Climate Centers (RCCs) Read the entire page →
From page 201... ... , 68, 73-75, 176 Risk, definition of, 17 Rivers, 13 Root holes, 21, 94 Runoff, 109 Rural areas and climate, 123, 124 drinking water, 13, 14 pesticide residues in wells, 14 RUSTIC, 90 S Safe Drinking Water Act, 35 Salt water intrusion, 18, 145, 156 Samples and sampling compliance monitoring, 34 equipment, 39 errors in, 65, 84-86 limitations of, 84-86 soils, 10, 113, 115, 120 from wells, 81, 84-86, 97 San Joaquin Valley, California, 9-10, 151-155, 166 Saturated zone hydraulic conductivity, 10, 175 Scales and scaling, 3, 20, 23-25, 28-29, 173, 174. See also Resolution; Time scales digital terrain data, 110, 112 hydrogeologic maps, 121 - 123 land use and cover maps, 127 merging of, 11, 177- 178 201 and overlay and index methods, 46, 48 and process-based models, 6, 47, 48, 58, 59-60, 105 of sample measurements, 10, 176 soil surveys, 112-114, 121 and statistical methods, 47, 60 variability in, 65 Screening of sites, 33-34 and process-based models, 56 Screens, monitoring, 85-86 Seasonal variation, 65 and overlay and index methods, 5-6, 48, 50 Second Law of Ground Water Vulnerability, 3, 20, 30, 170-171 Sedimentary basin brines, 2, 19 Selection of methods and data quality, 37-38 institutional considerations, 5, 27, 39-40 technical considerations, 5, 27, 3638 and uncertainty, 7, 38 Sensitivity, definition of, 17, 18 Septic tanks, 14, 18 Cape Cod, 139- 140 Florida, 145 Shallow aquifers, 21, 22 Simulation. Read the entire page →
From page 202... ... See Resolution; Scales and scaling Specific vulnerability, 3, 21, 171 and assessment method design, 4647, 48 in overlay and index methods, 52 Specificity of contaminants, 3, 20, 21 Spills, 21 containment, 34 INDEX Staffing, 39, 40 Standards for geographic data, 9, 106- 108, 174 for soil mapping, 10, 112, 177 State Geographic Systems Activities Compendium, 109 State government data management, 9, 105, 108-109 GIS use, 87, 92 land use management, 33, 127 monitoring activities, 28 overlay and index methods use, 5, 45, 52 and President's Water Quality Initiative, 15 vulnerability assessments, 16 water-level information, 48 weather data, 123 State-level assessments, 37 databases, 114, 120 scales, 23 use of overlay methods, 51-52 State Management Plans (SMPs) , 16 State Soil Geographic Database (STATSGO) Read the entire page →
From page 203... ... See also Seasonal variation merging of, 11, 177-178 and water travel, 10, 19, 39, 81, 137, 176 Time series methods, 60, 61, 65 Topography databases, 9, 109- 112, 184 maps,51,110 Trace elements, 18 Transport of contaminants. See Depth to water table; Flow paths; Leaching of contaminants; Process-based simulation models Travel time to water table, 10, 19, 39, 81, 137, 176 Iowa assessment, 137 Trichloropropane, 161 Tritium, 84 Truncated data, 60 U Uncertainty and error, 3, 7, 20, 26-27, 30, 38, 41, 42, 96-97, 170-171, 173 analysis of, 5, 7, 11, 67-77 in data, 3, 7, 20, 38, 63-66 display of, 9, 11, 20, 37, 92, 96, 174-175, 178 in method application, 3, 20, 63, 77 in method execution, 3, 7, 20, 63-64, 66-67 in process-based models, 57-58 203 in soil mapping, 10, 177 and statistical methods, 38, 60, 68, 95 Underground Injection Control Program, 51 Underground storage tanks, 13, 16 Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Read the entire page →
From page 204... ... INDEX Watershed modeling, 59, 91 Water table. See also Depth to water table as reference location, 3, 20-21 sampling near, 85-86 Weather, databases, 9, 91, 123- 126, 182 Weights, 5-6, 45, 52, 95, 173 Wells, 3, 10, 14, 18, 21, 22, 35, 81, 84, 97 Cape Cod, 139, 140 in Florida assessment, 145, 148 in Iowa assessment, 9, 135-136 logs, 48, 122- 123 Wind, 123, 124 Wisconsin, 52, 122 Worm holes, 21, 94 z Zoning activity, 33-34 Read the entire page →
From page 206... ... GROUND WATER VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT < Read the entire page →
From page 209... ... GROUND WATER VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT LL U' LL � b ~ IIJ Z I al old _ ~ X D o ~ ~ ~ ~ it'- ~ - ~,~ _ _ ~ .~ ~ ~ � 8 ~G.~3 ~ � ~ In in' O > > ASIA ONISV38ONI > > at Read the entire page →
From page 210... ... GROUND WATER VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT CE Read the entire page →

From page 193...

... See Methods 193 Aquifer sensitivity assessment methods, 45 Artificial recharge wells, 18 Associative methods. See Statistical methods Atrazine, 32 Attenuation Factor (AF)

Index Pages 193-210

Index
Pages 193-210