Minding the Helm Marine Navigation and Piloting (1994) / Chapter Skim
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8 RESEARCH NEEDS
8 RESEARCH NEEDS
Pages 297-304
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From page 297... ...
There is no systemic or cohesive approach to research and development for navigation and piloting technology, aside from the Coast Guard's longstanding efforts to continually update and improve short range aids to navigation. No research program concentrates on human systems or navigation and piloting safety.
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From page 298... ...
Historically, most marine navigation and piloting research can be characterized as · primarily directed at the development and acquisition of hardware (and more recently, software) ; · lacking a systems perspective to guide funding, acquisition, or evaluation of research programs; · reliant on inadequate or inappropriate data, notably Coast Guard marine casualty data, for underlying empirical support (these data are incomplete; often inappropriate to the issues being investigated, and in some cases, misleading)
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From page 299... ...
Research is needed for · an interdisciplinary exploration of the relationship between appropriate cultural components of a highly reliable, safe marine system; · development of a standard methodology for assessing risk and safety performance in marine transportation, including methods for data normalization across port, waterway, and river systems; · development of a systematic vessel, company, and flag-state performance-monitoring program to aid in a holistic examination of (1) waterways
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From page 300... ...
; · development of reliable data on the range of risk factors identified in order to support complete risk assessments, which includes development of a near-miss reporting system, an exposure data base, and a comprehensive riskassessment program; · development and evaluation of alternative marine traffic regulation models including (1) direction of vessel maneuvering by shore-based pilots in consultation with colleagues aboard vessels; (2)
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From page 301... ...
Navigation and Piloting Technology Just as an understanding of risk in local operating environments is important for the pilot, it is also important in determining opportunities for universal and system-specific improvements in safety and economic efficiency. The following research is needed: · assessment of alternative means of communications, including= electronic data transfer and interactive transmission of traffic and position information, to sustain and perhaps improve the safety benefits achieved through vessel-to-ves sel-to-VTS communications; · shipboard and empirical assessments of the performance and usefulness of adaptive steering systems, including those employing fuzzy logic, neural networks, and learning technology; .
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From page 302... ...
Navigation and Piloting Practice The efficacy of certain licensing and operational practices cannot be fully resolved by analysis of existing data and safety studies. Research needed to provide a more complete basis to guide improvements in the marine navigation and piloting system includes: · empirical assessments of the performance of professional-development processes for federal pilots, involving the establishment of benchmarks for comparative safety analysis; · assessments of projected shortages of qualified deck officers by the next decade, the impact of drawing on nonmaritime labor pools to reduce labor costs, and reported declines in the overall professional qualifications of deck officers; · development and outcome assessments of standardized professional development, recertification, and continuing professional development programs for marine pilots; · non-advocacy (that is, objective)
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From page 303... ...
use of interactive simulator training and testing courseware and devices, including the potential application of these devices in marine licensing processes; and (3) development of marine simulation as a valid tool for establishing maximum work hours for watchstanding; and · development of models and procedural task lists for critical watchstanding functions, and assessment of means for preventing human error in performing these tasks.
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From page 304... ...
In view of the department's transportation safety mission and the ongoing navigation research and development programs of its maritime agencies, the Department of Transportation appears to have the infrastructure and mission responsibility that would be necessary to coordinate a cooperative marine navigation and piloting research program.
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