The Role of Public Agencies in Fostering New Technology and Innovation in Building (1992) / Chapter Skim
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2. New Building Technology, Innovation, and Government Interests
2. New Building Technology, Innovation, and Government Interests
Pages 17-30
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From page 17... ...
This responsibility is reflected in a variety of building codes and regulations, as well as broader laws and review procedures. Government agencies can seek to foster or at least support the development and adoption of new technology through a variety of actions.7 Aggressive adoption of new ideas in the commercial marketplace, direct Appendix B presents a s Amman of activities by agencies sponsoring this study.
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From page 18... ...
Government can also provide legal protection, risk sharing, indemnification, and over indirect methods of increasing private incentives to innovate. Support for education—in universities and for practitioners in all phases of building enhances both the nation's research capability and Be market's propensity to test and adopt potentially valuable new ideas.
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From page 19... ...
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Commissioning of the Thames tunnel In nineteenth century England fostered major advances in underground construction,'° and London's Crystal Palace, a landmark of Victorian England, did likewise for flat-glass manufactunog. Since World War II, the U.S.
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For example, the Solar Energy Research Instituted was unable to interest manufacturers or trade associations in new vacuum glass and electrochromic windows developed dunag the mid-1980s, because of this investment cost bloc. Magazine, 1987~.
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From page 22... ...
Such "harvest~ng~ ~ electronics and materials manufacturing has yielded a variety of new products, from air traffic control devices to children's games. The committee noted Hat there is no government agency or organization responsible for this task, which requires imagination as well as stamina.
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From page 23... ...
Some programs, such as the Smog Business Innovation Research program that is implemented Trough specialized agencies such as the Department of T~an~ortation and the Department of Defense, may include building technology as an area of specific interest, although the overall program does not. The Army's CPAR program, the Department of Energy's Building Technologies programs, and the activities of the National Science Foundation (NSF)
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From page 24... ...
This cooperative network was supplemented when Congress enacted the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 198014 to foster technology transfer from government to the private sector. This act established technology transfer as a mission requirement of each federal laboratory, and required each lab and R&D center to cooperate in program to advance technology transfer.
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From page 25... ...
The authority to administer and enforce building re~lations lies with the states, although in actual practice, local municipalities have typically been given this responsibility, without general statewide regulation. In fact, there are more Han 44,000 code-enforcing units in the United States, and only 36 states have maintained preemptive control at the state level.
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From page 26... ...
These building codes set forth definitions, standards, and regulations governing occupancy classifications, building types, egress, fire resistance, and structural requirements. The remaining essential building systems are governed by mechanical, plumbing and sprinlder, electncal, and accessibility codes published by a variety of agencies.
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From page 27... ...
tortliability system, operating optimally, maximizes societal benefits often acknowledge that the systems current operations entail high incidental costs Friction losses—that reduce He system's effectiveness. The balance of the impact of tort concerns on ~ovation, in the private sector in general or on the building industries in particular, remains subject to debate.
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From page 28... ...
The committee found that the criteria govennnent construction agencies use for establishing priorities among areas of potential research should be more clearly linked to the potential value of the new ideas in practic~that may result from research. However, agencies lack guidance as to the appropriate balance between costs and anticipated benefits of new technology or He success rates that can reasonably be expected in the field testing of new ideas.
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REFERENCES Building Research Board (BRB)
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From page 30... ...
1990. The Lever of Riches: Technological Creativity and Economic Progress.
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