The Role of Public Agencies in Fostering New Technology and Innovation in Building (1992) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix E: New Building Technology and Innovation: A Selective Review
Appendix E: New Building Technology and Innovation: A Selective Review
Pages 91-100
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From page 91... ...
incremental advances in existing techniques. It is generally difficult to distinguish inactivation in the second two categories, although members of the committee suggested that these account for the preponderant share of all innovation in building, for both the construction process and the products Hereof.
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From page 92... ...
The new technology, while boosting productivity, is creating what ENR,39 chronicle of the construction indust~y's day-to day activities, termed "cultural chaos. ~ Traditional ways of conducting business among owners, designers, and constructors are changing as constructors acquire design capability, and designers, having already input data for their own purposes, find it easy to make quantity estimates and do over tasks normally left to the constructor.
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From page 93... ...
One study of both gas and electric household appliances shows that the 1985 average efficiency of new appliances purchased, as well as the efficiency of the most efficient new appliances available, are consistently better than the estimated average efficiencies of appliances in service (see Figure E-1~; (Geller et al., 1987~. In many cases, the best available unit is 30 to 40 percent more efficient than Me average unit purchased, and current research and development activities promise to reduce unit energy use as much as 40 to 50 percent more during the l990s.
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From page 94... ...
,Ce<~\ ~ '~°°~ `~` ~ ~ Is 5< ~9~ Flgure E-1 Unit energy consumption (UEC) of household appliances in the United States, source: Geller, et al., (1987)
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From page 95... ...
969-1970 972-1973 973-1974 1974-1975 969-1970 974-1975 1983-1984 1965-1980 ,197CL1975 197OL1977 ,1965-1980 965-1972 1968-1979 ,1978-1987 98oL1981 976-1977 98oL1981 97oL1971 1955-1981 977 1965-1982 ,1966-1988 1971-1982 ,1976-1986 ,1983-1984 198OL1986 982-1983 1980L1986 985-1986 1984-1988 990 1990 Note: Identified at the March 27, 1991 meeting of the Federal Construction Council Consulting Committee on Mechanical Engineering; the committee used a simplified ~Delphi. procedure.
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From page 96... ...
aOne participant felt that this technology has not yet been accepted; he did not project a year of acceptance. Note: Identified at the April 3, 1991 meeting of the Federal Construction Council Consulting Committee on Electrical Engineering; the committee used a simplified ~Delphi.
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From page 97... ...
Table EN lists major examples. The development of fabric tension strictures can be traced to the pioneering work of Frei Otto in the 1960s, but building applications did not achieve widespread or notable commercial use until nearly two decades later with the advent of Teflon~oated fabrics, which promised longer life and better performance (Otto, 1969)
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From page 98... ...
Active drib control systems for high-rise buildings Blast-resistant (window) construction Anti-ter~nst design and constmction Single-ply membrane roofing Curtain wall construction Critical path method of scheduling Ultimate strength design of concrete Plastic design in steel Limit state design in timber Sprayed-on fire proofing Weathering steel Fire retardant ply-wood Welded-frame system scaffolding Motor~e~d self~limbing scaffolding Flying fonowork Gang-forms Computer-aided design Computer-aided draping These new fabric materials provided lightweight and relatively inexpensive cover for such large, open spaces as sports stadiums and performing arts arenas.
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From page 99... ...
The brick and concrete Bosomy industnes, which traditionally captured a larger proportion of labor and materials in such markets, have resisted these innovations.4 INTERIORS Raised-floor wire ~nanagement systems emerged as a direct response to the explosion in wire-based computing and communications technologies in offices and the need to provide a convenient, safe, and flexible means for handling wires. Initial raised-floor product designs, produced mainly to provide electrical continuity and adequate underfloor wire management space, failed to perform adequately from the standpoint of appearance, cost, and acoustical quality.
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From page 100... ...
In contrast to experience with raised-floor wire management systems, the early involvement of a broad range of design disciplines and extensive concept testing with potential users appears to have avoided unsuccessful initial results. REFERENCES Geller, H., J
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