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Issues in Risk Assessment (1993) / Chapter Skim
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BACKGROUND
Pages 15-17

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
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From page 15...
... Long-term animal bioassays are now used regularly to determine whether chemical agents are capable of inducing cancer in exposed animals. The bioassays are also commonly used as a basis for making qualitative inferences about the likelihood that an agent poses a carcinogenic hazard for humans as well (IARC, 1991)
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From page 16...
... .1 Estimation sometimes results in selection of an EMTD that is too high -- that causes animals to die early in life before chemically induced cancers could occur. Because it is difficult to interpret the results of animal bioassays when animals die prematurely, the bioassay design was refined to include testing at a lower dose as well -- often half the EMTD (EMTD/2)
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From page 17...
... Numerous risk assessments by federal regulatory agencies have been based on animal carcinogenicity bioassays. Since 1970, several hundred chemical agents have been tested for carcinogenicity in bioassays of standard designs.
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Key Terms

  • animal bioassay
  • test animals
  • animal bioassays
  • bioassay design
  • lower dose

  • carcinogenicity bioassay
  • chemical agents
  • lower doses
  • current bioassay
  • national toxicology

  • agencies charged
  • estimation sometimes
  • animals die
  • quantitative risk
  • reasonable limits

  • animals exposed
  • bioassay designs
  • print version
  • developing reasonable
  • lifetime testing

  • excess tumor
  • include testing
  • tumor incidence
  • animal carcinogenicity
  • human exposures

  • specify lifetime
  • overt toxicity
  • toxic effects
  • exposed animals
  • carcinogenicity bioassays


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