The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

APPENDIXES
Pages 99-120

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 99... ... Civil Service Commission, where he led the effort to pass the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, which created OPM and the Senior Executive Service. Before entering government, he was Dean of the Lyndon Baines Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas and Dean of the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University. Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... and received many honors and awards, including the Presidential Rank Award as a member of He Senior Executive Service, the National Public Service Award, and DOL's highest honor, the Philip Arnow award. She is a member of the National Institute of Statistical Science and of the National Academy of Public Administration. Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... A political scientist, he was a senior staff member of the Rand Corporation (1964-1966) and Professor of Political Science, Columbia University (1966-1979~. Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... The data for the NSF reports came directly from tapes of the central personnel data file of the Office of Personnel Management. They cover all civilians employed full time by the federal government (1) Read the entire page →
From page 104... ... 104 FEDERAL SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS TABLE B-1. Federal Scientists and Engineers by Occupational Group and by Sex, 1989 Occupational Group AllWomenMen TOTAL 223~34332~803190~539 Scientists 111~98824~10487~884 Physical sciences 26,5563,94022,616 Mathematics and statistics 9,668 2,3227,346 Computer sciences 24,2627,77416,488 Life sciences 33,8395,51728,322 Social sciences Psychology Engineers Industrial Materials Chemical and related Civil engineering Electrical and electronics 34,774 14,2713,71210,559 3,3928392,553 111,3558,699102,655 3,0804472,633 1,2531741,079 1,7092981,411 18,4041,75516,649 2,52032,254 Mechanical and related 27,561 1,830 25,731 Other engineering 24,574 1,675 22,898 SOURCE: NSF, 1991. Read the entire page →
From page 105... ... Astronomy and space sciences471475 Chemistry7,3317,269 General physical sciences5,5115,655 Geodosy290276 Geology2,5032,438 Geophysics592582 Hydrology2,2362,267 Metallurgy345294 Meteorology2,0672,134 Physics3,8393,798 Health physics570598 Oceanography710682 Textile technology8388 Mathematics and statistics9,7739,668 -1.1 Actuarial science141157 Mathematics2,5312,455 Mathematical statistics989969 Operations research3,8283,864 Statistics2,2842,223 Computer sciences22,70624,262 +6.9 Life sciences33,15233,839 +2.1 General biological sciences5,3085,570 Microbiology1,9081,933 Agricultural sciences10,54910,459 Agricultural extension5354 Agricultural management3,5163,532 Agronomy325327 Horticulture10399 Husbandry111112 Soil conservation4,7074,625 Soil science1,7341,710 (Cont.) Read the entire page →
From page 106... ... 106 FEDERAL SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS Occupational Group and Series (cont.) 1988 1989 Change Animal sciences1,3121,336 Entomology704704 Physiology502526 Zoology106106 Plant sciences1,9572,022 Botany162167 Plant pathology319330 Plant physiology334340 Plant protection and quarantine1,1421,185 Forestry5,7555,819 Forestry5,6845,749 Forestry products technology7170 Fishery and wildlife3,7173,973 Fishery biology1,3691,486 General fish and wildlife admin.181192 Wildlife biology1,6001,742 Wildlife refuge management567553 Other life sciences2,5312,567 Food technology267293 Genetics347345 Pharmacology400385 Range conservation1,1531,140 Ecology364404 Toxicology115160 Social sciences13,93414,271 Anthropological sciences684738 Archeology638688 General anthropology4650 Economics5,5095,475 Foreign agricultural affairs189196 Social science2,8933,167 Sociology5968 Geography and cartography4,0834,117 Geography227227 Cartography3,6343,669 Land surveying222221 Community planning517510 (Cont.) Read the entire page →
From page 107... ... APPENDIX B 107 Occupational Group and Series (cont.) 19881989 Change Psychology3~287 3~392 +3~2 Engineers108~218 111~355 +2~9 Industrial3,091 3,080 -0.4 Materials1,195 1,253 +4.9 Chemical and related1,831 1,709 -6.7 Ceramic67 59 Chemical1,764 1,650 Civil engineering18,628 1S,404 -1.2 Civil15,760 15,380 Environmental2,868 3,024 Electrical and electronics32,521 34,774 +6.9 Electrical5,531 5,569 ComputerN/A 1,214 Electronics26,990 27,991 Mechanical and related26,882 27,561 +2.5 Aerospace8,768 9,254 Mechanical13,591 13,572 Naval architecture1,203 1,201 Nuclear3,320 3,534 Other engineering24,070 24,574 +2.1 General19,944 20,431 Agricultural384 388 Architecture1,739 1,765 Fire prevention133 143 Mining422 397 Petroleum453 435 Safety593 619 Welding101 109 Biomedical301 287 SOURCE: For 1988 figures, NSF, 1989:Table B-1; for 1989 figures, NSF, 1991. Read the entire page →
From page 108... ... 108 FEDERAL SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS TABLE B-3. Federal Scientists and Engineers by Type of Work Activity, 1989 Activity TotalScientistsEngineers TOTAL 223,343111,988111,355 Research 22,93218,3864,546 Development 33,2137,24725,966 Design 17,77536417,411 Data collection, processing, 16,69114,8641,827 and analysis Natural resources operations 16,87815,649 1,229 Management 15,3795,18410,195 Installation, operations, and 12,76635012,416 maintenance Planning 8,1944,7293,465 Test and evaluation 10,4322,5347,898 Research contract and grant 1,173832341 administration All other activities 45,39519,62725,768 Activity unknown 22,51522,222293 SOURCE: NSF, 1991 Read the entire page →
From page 109... ... APPENDIX B 109 TABLE But. Federal Scientists and Engineers by Occupational Group and Scientific/Engineenng Field, 1989 Occupational Group All Defense Nondefense TOTAL Scientists 223,343 111,176 112,167 111,988 34,711 177,277 Physical sciences 26,556 8,557 17,999 Mathematics and statistics 9,668 5,434 4,234 Computer sciences24,26212,89011,372 Life sciences33,8391,99431,845 Social sciences14,2714,7239,548 Engineers111,35576,46534,890 Industrial3,0802,914166 Materials1,253847406 Chemical and related1,709981728 Civil engineering Electrical and electronics34,774 Mechanical and related27,561 Other engineering 18,404 10.576 27,373 7,401 19,913 7,648 24,574 13, 861 10,713 SOURCE: NSF, 1991. Read the entire page →
From page 110... ... 110 FEDERAL SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS TABLE B-5. Federal Scientists and Engineers by Department and Agency, 1989 Department/Agency TotalScientistsEngineers TOTAL223,343111,988111,355 Agriculture28,58426,0412,543 Commerce8,1727,382790 Defense111,17634,71176,465 Air Force18,5934,96813,625 Army36,94011,87325,067 Navy47,88211,99335,889 Other Defense7,7615,8771,884 Energy4,4531,5462,907 Health and Human Services8,5608,180380 Interior14,95012,0692,881 Transportation5,4001,0464,354 Veterans Affairs5,1563,9941,162 Environmental Protection Agency5,4483,3592,089 National Aeronautics and Space12,8401,60211,238 Administration National Science Foundation40234854 Tennessee Valley Authority3,3947842,610 All others14,80810,926 SOURCE: NSF, 1991. Read the entire page →
From page 111... ... APPENDIX B 111 TABLE B-6. Federal Scientists and Engineers by Occupational Group and by Degree Level, 1989 _ ... Read the entire page →
From page 113... ... The Navy demonstration project, begun in 1980, is being conducted at the Naval Air Warfare Division (formerly the Naval Weapons Center) , China Lake, California, and at the Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center (formerly the Naval Oceans Systems Center) Read the entire page →
From page 114... ... . A system which encourages changes in behavior for employees experiencing drug and/or alcohol problems by suspending penalties for misconduct and poor performance; and Modified lay-off procedures where performance is the primary criterion for retention. Read the entire page →
From page 115... ... . A simplified classification system that combines job series into four career paths and consolidates GS and GM grades into five broad pay bands; Examination of the applicants' qualifications and their employment without going through the OPM hiring process; A performance appraisal system that links pay to performance; Pay differentials for supervisors; Recruitment and retention bonuses; A flexible probationary period for scientists and engineers; and Read the entire page →
From page 116... ... These evaluations found that: NIST exclusively hired candidates without going through the OPM hiring process, a step that shortened hiring time; Time to classify jobs was reduced; . Read the entire page →
From page 117... ... It tests the use of retention allowances or bonuses of at least 20 percent of base pay, to attract and retain well-qualif~ed, fi~-performance-leve! personnel to control air traffic, operate and maintain airway facilities, and certify and inspect aircraft and operators in the four hard-to-fill locations. Read the entire page →
From page 118... ... The concepts being tested were: . A simplified classification system that consolidated 66 job series into 6 broad categories and combined white-colIar and blue-collar pay grades in 4 broad pay bands; A group performance rating instead of the individual performance rating; An incentive system that motivates and rewards organizational productivity by sharing any cost savings realized equally between the agency and employees (cost savings are realized only if the same work is performed for a lower labor cost or more work is performed for the same labor cost) Read the entire page →
From page 119... ... , the project was terminated in 1991 by mutual agreement of FAA and OPM when it became clear that FAA would not be able to hire enough candidates and obtain meaningful data to validate Me results. The project, which was implemented immediately after the air traffic controllers' strike and their subsequent dismissal in 1981, tested an alternative selection process for four major FAA occupations: air traffic controller, aviation safety inspector, electronics technician, and computer specialist. Read the entire page →
From page 120... ... RMC} has published one report. After one year of testing, the staffing level of air traffic controllers had increased, but the results were not conclusive for the other occupations (i.e., personnel hiring for flight standards and airway facilities did not significantly increase) Read the entire page →

From page 99...

... Civil Service Commission, where he led the effort to pass the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, which created OPM and the Senior Executive Service. Before entering government, he was Dean of the Lyndon Baines Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas and Dean of the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University.

APPENDIXES Pages 99-120

APPENDIXES
Pages 99-120