Mesoscale Chemistry A Workshop Summary (2015) / Chapter Skim
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4 Membrane Behavior and Microchemical Systems
4 Membrane Behavior and Microchemical Systems
Pages 25-34
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From page 25... ...
Erwin London, Professor of Medical Sciences and a member of the workshop Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Professor of organizing committee, followed the three Chemistry at Stony Brook University, spoke presentations. about the collective mesoscale behavior of the lipid bilayer in biological membranes as studied using a new experimental model that more closely ASYMMETRIC LIPID VESICLES FORMATION represents the asymmetric composition of the cell AND PROPERTIES membrane.
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From page 26... ...
As a result, t it , O of the iss One field faces is that many sues that the f t they pack to ogether more loosely an have low e nd w of th model mem he mbranes, whic are made b mixing ch by m melting tempe eratures. London said that in the 1960s t s lipid in water, are symme ds etric, while real cell a 1970s, wh researche came to appreciate the and hen ers a e mem mbranes are a asymmetric -- -- they have a different w ways differen lipids pac together, the question nt ck n lipid composition in the in d nner and out layers ter a arose as to ho the mixtu ow ures of lipids in a real cell l (Figu 4-3)
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From page 27... ...
They hav created ve ve esicles with o of two one t time, membra reorganiza ane ation in the outer leaflet is o s diffe erent sphingo olipids in th outer leaf he flet: milk s somehow tran nsmitted to the inner lea aflet and the e sphinngomyelin, wwhich has a lo hydrocarb chain ong rbon proteins in the inner leafle respond to clustering in p et n that extends in nto the inn ner leaflet, and egg t outer leafl London ex the let, xplained. sphinngomyelin, which has shorter hyd drocarbon To study the effects of asymmetry, London and , d chain and does n extend int the inner le ns not to eaflet.
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From page 28... ...
In the vesicles wit egg sphing e th gomyelin, the e t the preparatiion of vesicl or materials other les p properties of ordered doma in the inn leaflet are o ains ner e t than lipids in an asym mmetric layerr-by-layer d different than those in the outer leafle suggesting n e et, g f fashion? t that with lo onger hydroc carbon chain that can ns n WWhat are the principles that control dom main size, interdigitate with the inn leaflet, th w ner here is much h which can va from large domains to nanoscale w ary e s stronger coup pling.
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From page 29... ...
"Each of these systems has its project is at the stage where Wheeler's group has own unique challenges and questions associated started collaborating with a mass spectroscopy with it," Wheeler explained as he described the company that wants to use these devices in device that his group created to work with conjunction with automated mass spectroscopic hydrogels. analysis of the protein digests.
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From page 30... ...
From the perspective of a materials because the fragility of the conventional gels makes scientist, he added, membrane materials present the process arduous. Building on the knowledge several opportunities for mesoscale chemistry by within the group, they first refined the process for manipulating the chemical structure of membranes at creating gels for this device, for example, group the mesoscale in a way that enables new kinds of developing gel crosslinking methods and ways of separations to occur.
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From page 31... ...
"What that has gas infrastructure. Similarly, researchers are working allowed us to do is to focus the patterning of a on a modular system that would convert the natural catalyst within a heat-exchanging microreactor so gas now being flared at the wellhead of what are that we can control the local mesoscale rates of heat known as stranded oil wells -- those too far from a transfer, rates of heat production, and rates of heat natural gas pipeline for it to be economical to run utilization by a chemical reaction, in order to get additional line to capture the gas associated with significant improvement in the amount of reaction shale oil -- into synthesis gas using Fischer-Tropsch we can push through one small volume," said chemistry.
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From page 32... ...
s d defined pores that will sep s parate hydrog gas from gen m J Jim De Yore asked Wi eo ilhite about wwork that c carbon mono oxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and n d migh have been done to mak synthetic a ht ke analogs of n nitrogen wit performa th ance charact teristics that t sequuence-defined polymers th can operat in drug d hat te e exceed the up pper bounds predicted by the Robeson p n envir ronments. WWilhite replied that he did not know d m by an ord of magnit map der tude.
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From page 33... ...
Because the channels are packed tightly of one lipid to prefer a solid phase and the other to into these devices, it is difficult presently to also fit prefer a liquid phase at some intermediate in the amount of instrumentation needed to monitor temperature at which these two states will exist. Van chemical processes to the extent that they are der Waals forces drive the lipids to pack tightly in monitored now in large petrochemical and fine the solid state, and this is amplified by the presence chemical manufacturing facilities.
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