SBIR at NASA (2016) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 9-30
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competitiveness and national security. Created in 1982 through the Small Business Innovation Development Act, the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
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. 4 • Phase III reflects commercialization without providing access to any additional SBIR funding, although funding from other federal government accounts is permitted.
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. In FY2014, for example, NASA made 467 SBIR awards, requiring $141.8 million in funds obligated, comprising 7 percent of the overall SBIR total obligations.
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It is referenced in the text by its calendar date of passage, December 2011; hence, the 2011 Reauthorization Act. 11 Parts of this section are based on the previous report on the NASA SBIR program, National Research Council, An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009.
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_____________________ a National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004; National Research Council, SBIR -- Program Diversity and Assessment Challenges: Report of a Symposium, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004; National Research Council, SBIR and the Phase III Challenge of Commercialization: Report of a Symposium, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2007; National Research Council, An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the National Science Foundation, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2007; National Research Council, An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the Department of Defense, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009; National Research Council, An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the Department of Energy, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2008; National Research Council, An Assessment of the SBIR Program, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2008; National Research Council, An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009; National Research Council, An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009; National Research Council, Venture Funding and the NIH SBIR Program, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009; and National Research Council, Revisiting the Department of Defense SBIR Fast Track Initiative, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009.
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NSF adopted this initiative before other agencies, and, after a period of analysis and discussion, the Reagan administration supported an expansion of this initiative across the federal government. Congress then passed the Small Business Innovation Research Development Act of 1982, which established the SBIR program.
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Finifter, "Evaluation of the Department of Defense Small Business Innovation Research program and the Fast Track Initiative: A balanced approach," in National Research Council, The Small Business Innovation Research Program: An Assessment of the Department of Defense Fast Track Initiative, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000, pp.
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23 W.H. Schacht, "The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
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• Explicit requirements for better connecting prime contractors with SBIR awardees. • Substantial emphasis on developing a more data-driven culture, which has led to several major reforms, including the following: o adding numerous areas of expanded reporting o extending the Academies' evaluation o adding further evaluation, such as by the Government Accountability Office and Comptroller General o tasking the SBA with creating a unified platform for data collection.
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L Rorke, A Study of the Small Business Innovation Research Program, Lake Forest, IL: Mohawk Research Corporation, 1983; and Price Waterhouse, Survey of Small High-tech Businesses Shows Federal SBIR Awards Spurring Job Growth, Commercial Sales, Washington, DC: Small Business High Technology Institute, 1985.
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42 National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2004. 43 Adapted from National Research Council, SBIR: Program Diversity and Assessment Challenges.
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54. 46 National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 26.
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1540, Sec. 5137, enacted in Public Law 112-81, the National Research Council is to review the Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR)
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State-based initiatives described at the event included a range of activities from proposal assistance, matching funds, business development assistance, and a variety of outreach mechanisms to match companies with resources at universities and federal laboratories. In view of the topic and resulting interest in the states, the event was available via webcast.
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Feldman, "Multilevel innovation policy mix: A closer look at state policies that augment the federal SBIR program," Research Policy, 44(7) , 2015; and Lauren Lanahan and Maryann Feldman, "Multilevel public funding for small business innovation: A review of US state SBIR match programs," Journal of Technology Transfer, 2015.
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P Feldman, "SBIR State Matching Programs: Science Experiments in the Laboratories of Democracy" at the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine workshop on "SBIR/STTR and the Commercialization Challenge," Washington, DC, April 12, 2016.
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48 These limited objectives are consistent with the methodology developed by the committee. See National Research Council, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program: Project Methodology.
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51 The peerreviewed study methodology developed by the first-round committee provided the baseline for that study and for follow-on studies -- such as this one. 52 51 National Research Council, The Small Business Innovation Research Program: Program Diversity and Assessment Challenges.
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The survey more deeply explored the program's demographics. It also included questions about the role of agency liaisons, who deal with award operations and thereby provide a link between individual projects and NASA.
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56 Workshops convened by the committee as part of the overall analysis include NASA Small Business Innovation Research Program Assessment: Second Phase Analysis, January 28, 2010; Early-stage Capital in the United States: Moving Research Across the Valley of Death and the Role of SBIR, April 16, 2010; Early-Stage Capital for Innovation -- SBIR: Beyond Phase II, January 27, 2011; NASA's SBIR Community: Opportunities and Challenges, June 21, 2011; Innovation, Diversity, and Success in the SBIR/STTR Programs, February 7, 2013; and Commercializing University Research: The Role of SBIR and STTR, February 5, 2014. Each of these workshops was held in Washington, DC.
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In addition, NASA has not made a systematic effort to utilize the Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS) , which tracks federal contracts; and based on the committee's research, it appears that NASA contract officers are not trained to recognize and record contracts based on SBIR technologies as Phase III contracts.
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Appendix D lists the universities involved in NASA SBIR awards. Appendix E presents the case studies of selected NASA SBIR firms.
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