Strengthening the Scientific Foundation for Policymaking to Meet the Challenges of Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean Summary of a Workshop (2015) / Chapter Skim
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3 Health Status, Disability, and Mortality
3 Health Status, Disability, and Mortality
Pages 15-24
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From page 15... ...
One of the motivations for CRELES was to validate data from the official death registry in Costa Rica and achieve more precise estimates of mortality at older ages and very advanced ages. CRELES started as a follow-up of a sample from the 2000 census of Costa Rica.
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From page 16... ...
This is something to be considered in longitudinal studies and can only be detected if there is a double follow-up, both in the field visits and in the death registry. He then presented a comparison of mortality rates by age during the period 2005–2010, comparing estimates from CRELES, the Costa Rican vital statistics system, Japan, and the United States.
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From page 17... ...
It has indicated that there are no socioeconomic gradients in mortality rates, and that adding biomarkers represented a marginal contribution to understanding mortality at older ages. TRAJECTORIES OF HEALTH FROM THE MEXICAN HEALTH AND AGING STUDY Rebeca Wong, University of Texas Medical Branch, spoke about health trajectories from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS)
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From page 18... ...
that looked at the effect of obesity on the incidence of mortality and disability in Mexicans aged 50 years and older. The lowest hazard ratio of dying occurs among those with a body mass index (BMI)
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From page 19... ...
The usefulness of these data is illustrated in Figure 3-1, which integrates population projections with data on people's current behavior that has been observed in the MHAS, using a microsimulation model (the Future Elderly Model) developed at RAND and the University of Southern California.3 Researchers created two scenarios, one with no reduction in diabetes incidence and one with a 25 percent reduction in diabetes incidence.
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From page 20... ...
She also mentioned, in response to a participant question, that another benefit of longitudinal studies is the ability to add modules of questions to a particular survey wave, questions that investigate a specific topic such as the activities and well-being of caregivers of older adults. HEALTH INEQUALITIES AND THE DESIGN OF THE ELSI-BRAZIL STUDY Maria Fernandez Lima-Costa, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, focused on social inequalities in health in Brazil, and on a new longitudinal survey recently under way, the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Wellbeing (ELSI-Brazil)
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From page 21... ...
The upshot of the findings is that people with high levels of measured African and Native American ancestry were much more likely than people of European ancestry to have low educational level, relatively low household income, and poor health. Lima-Costa went on to describe a new national-level survey entitled the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging and Wellbeing.5 This effort is based on methodology used in the HRS and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and includes topics of interest to the Brazilian government, which is providing complete funding for the study.
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From page 22... ...
A question arises, however, about the methodology underlying such estimates, he noted. Cano then described research done as part of the Survey of Health and Wellbeing of Older Adults in Bogota.6 This was a cross-sectional survey of the population aged 60 and older undertaken in 2012 that included a cognitive functioning component with a number of standard measures and instruments such as subjective memory loss, an abbreviated Mini-Mental state examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa)
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From page 23... ...
This suggests the usefulness of a different cultural approach to measurement, and that people with low levels of education nonetheless may have a well-preserved memory, or at least the same memory function as for other education groups. Cano then described the initial stages of work, motivated in part by collaboration with Mexican researchers, that seek to develop algorithms that identify the prevalence of dementia using cutoff points by education combined with indicators of functionality (e.g., instrumental activities of daily living)
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