Strengthening the Scientific Foundation for Policymaking to Meet the Challenges of Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean Summary of a Workshop (2015) / Chapter Skim
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6 Family and Social Transfers
6 Family and Social Transfers
Pages 41-52
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From page 41... ...
. He illustrated his considerations with information from a previous UN study on the living arrangements of older people around the world and presented preliminary results from a just-begun study on recent trends of living arrangements of older people in the region.
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From page 42... ...
Saad presented data from a comprehensive UN study of more than 100 countries worldwide, based largely on census data (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2005)
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From page 43... ...
Looking at economic and social differentials for the entire set of countries in the UN study, Saad noted that in countries with very low levels of development, coresidence with children is associated with higher social and economic status of the older person. Among countries at moderate levels of development, this association tends to disappear or even reverse; living with children starts being associated with lower social and economic status.
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From page 44... ...
She said a third and more positive fact is that inequality, again based on the Gini index, has declined slightly in the recent past as a result of educational expansion and progressive government transfers such as Opportunidades in Mexico and Bolsa Familia in Brazil (Lopez-Calva and Lustig, 2010)
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From page 45... ...
She presented data from a study in Mexico that indicate that even among people whose relative economic standing deteriorated compared to their parents' relative standing, 40 percent said they had moved upwards and 50 percent said they were the same, because they benefitted from overall economic growth. To summarize, Torche noted that available data suggest there is much less economic mobility, educational mobility, and equality of opportunity in Latin America than elsewhere, but that the number of LAC countries with good mobility data is small.
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From page 46... ...
This has been documented in Latin America, and highlights the importance of moving from a bivariate perspective to one that better explains how socioeconomic advantage is replicated across generations. RAPID SOCIAL CHANGES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR AGING Cassio Turra, Federal University of Minas Gerais, focused his remarks on the empowerment of older people in Brazil during the preceding decades.
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From page 47... ...
In terms of income inequality, the demographic transition and expansion of benefits among older people resulted in a greater concentration of older Brazilians in higher income deciles. Echoing Saad's earlier remarks, Turra noted an increasing prevalence of older people living alone or in one-generation households between 1970 and 2010, which is related to the expansion of social security and probably indicates that older people have increasing autonomy within households.
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From page 48... ...
To better assess these and other issues, Brazil needs more longitudinal data, he said, and an integration of different source of data: administrative records, other linked data, longitudinal studies, repeated cross-sections, and census data. NATIONAL TRANSFER ACCOUNTS Timothy Miller, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, added a different twist to the workshop discussion, shifting the focus from aging populations to aging economies.
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From page 49... ...
NTA are based on household surveys, administrative data, and the national accounts themselves. More than just an analytical framework, he explained, there is also an NTA network of researchers with more than 100 investigators in 46 countries.1 NTA methodology and results may be found in a United Nations manual (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2013)
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From page 50... ...
He concluded with some data on rising health care expenditures related to population aging and
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From page 51... ...
Over time, health expenditures in poorer countries are likely to increase because there will be more people in older age groups and countries will become wealthier. Miller suggested that the world will see a continuing transition away from economies in which 20–30 percent of GDP is devoted to food to economies in which 20–30 percent of GDP is devoted to health care.
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