Physical Activity Moving Toward Obesity Solutions: Workshop Summary (2015) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Perspectives on Disparities in Physical Activity1
Appendix B: Perspectives on Disparities in Physical Activity1
Pages 149-166
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B Perspectives on Disparities in Physical Activity1 1 These commentaries are reproduced here as submitted by the authors.
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The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Research Network to Prevent Obesity Among Latino Children -- which works to showcase examples of grassroots-level healthy changes in Latino communities -- culturally relevant evidence-based strategies and program have successfully improved built environments and increased activity opportunities in Latino communities.3 From a built environment perspective, shared-used agreements have been helpful at increasing accessibility to safe and free public places in Latino communities across the country. For example, large communities in The views expressed in this commentary are those of the authors and not necessarily of the authors' organization or of the Institute of Medicine.
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program in Head Start centers in San Antonio, TX, improved parents', teachers', and children's knowledge of the benefits of healthy eating and physical activity.6 Utah researchers incorporated active video games in physical education (PE) classes and increased Latino youth activity.7 Providing Latina teens with the tools needed to advocate for change, city pools in New Britain, CT, were reopened and an out-of-school PE credit recovery program was implemented through the local YWCA.8 As strategies for improving physical activity become more innovative, it is critical to make them culturally relevant for Latinos.
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American Journal of Preventive Medicine 44(3 Suppl 3)
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Physical activity of any intensity has consistently demonstrated a powerful counter effect on every risk factor associated with the prominent chronic diseases of older age.2 Current activity level is more protective than past activity levels; however, cumulative lifetime patterns may be even more influential for risk reduction, especially for chronic diseases with a long latency period, such as cancer or osteoporosis. Moreover, the volume of physical activity necessary to prevent functional decline and to maintain health may be substantially lower than the amount needed to reverse an existing chronic condition.
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Loretta DiPietro, Ph.D., M.P.H., is chair of the Department of Exercise Science at the Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC. References 1.
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* Participant in the activities of the IOM Roundtable on Obesity Solutions.
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Sixth, university-based exercise science programs must add additional content across the curriculum in disability and physical activity and recommend to students that they obtain an entry-level certification sponsored by the American College of Sports Medicine (Certified Inclusive Fitness Trainer) that will increase their knowledge in accommodating people with disabilities in their programs.
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American Journal of Preventive Medicine 26(5)
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Sedentary behavior as it relates to PA, weight status, and other health outcomes should be included in these assessments.2 Furthermore, ecological momentary assessments with repeated and random sampling of PA and sedentary behavior in real time in natural environments should be conducted to minimize recall bias and maximize ecological validity. Second, given the current social stratifications in Western societies, we need to consider justice principles, which include environmental justice, green justice, and social justice.
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We need innovative, comprehensive, and multifaceted strategies emanating from community-based participatory approaches and theoretical frameworks.12,13 The ultimate goal is to have health-promoting environments and the motivation to take full advantage of PA-friendly opportunities for all segments of society.14 Wendell C Taylor, Ph.D., M.P.H., is associate professor of health promotion and behavioral sciences at the School of Public Health at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX.
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2007. Changing social and built environments to promote physical activity: Recommendations from low-income, urban women.
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Only in the last half of the 20th century have the documented cases of diabetes rates in Native communities increased so drastically.1 From a public health perspective, the policies, systems, and environment have had a significant impact on rates of obesity. For example, the environment in many Native communities drastically changed over the past 200 years, shifting from traditional hunting and gathering or farming subsistence cultures to forced relocation and reservations, leading to sedentary lifestyles and dependence on federal government food programs.
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Understanding this context will help inform strategies and solutions that will shed light on the foundational inequities facing Native people and build on their resiliency and inherent strength. Despite these significant challenges, there are numerous positive and promising Native-led strategies to increase physical activity in Native communities.
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1987. Indian running: Native American history and tradition.
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Frequent movement is developmentally appropriate for preschool children, promotes health and learning, and can also improve the physical and mental health of teachers. The main goal of pre-K and other early childhood education programs, such as Head Start, is to prepare children for elementary school.
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requirements for program certification and quality rating.13 Degree-conferring programs that credential early childhood educators should require training in several areas: children's gross motor development, the integration of movement experiences into academic learning, children's safety during movement, and the development of the teacher's own movement skills. Technical assistance to existing early childhood educators must address these same topics along with providing guidance about suitable equipment and space for both indoor and outdoor movement experiences.
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American Journal of Preventive Medicine 34(5)
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