Using Graywater and Stormwater to Enhance Local Water Supplies An Assessment of Risks, Costs, and Benefits (2016) / Chapter Skim
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2 Beneficial Use Options for Graywater and Stormwater
2 Beneficial Use Options for Graywater and Stormwater
Pages 26-38
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From page 26... ...
The added treatment expands GRAYWATER AND STORMWATER the array of applications available, particularly those in USE ACROSS MULTIPLE SCALES which human contact and inadvertent ingestion is possible. For stormwater, larger storage extends the capacity to ad Graywater and stormwater can be captured and used to dress water supply needs during periods without rain through meet water demands or to conserve conventional water sup- the use of retention basins or subsurface tanks.
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From page 27... ...
. In addition, with no reliable groundwater supplies where rainwater may stormwater can be used for wildlife habitat maintenance and be harvested from roofs for household supplies.1 Given the recreational uses and to recharge groundwater, which even- complexity and unique safety issues associated with on-site tually may serve potable uses or maintain stream base flow potable use of graywater and stormwater at the household for aquatic habitat.
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From page 28... ...
with subsequent chlorine disinfection is employed. The RRC will provide service water for toilet flushing via a separate distribution system.
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From page 29... ...
orative fountains, and other water features. As an alternative Using a nonpotable water supply for toilet flushing resupply source for these nonpotable uses, stormwater requires quires a plumbing system separate from the potable water treatment mainly to address particulate matter and pathogens system (known as dual plumbing)
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From page 30... ...
At the Cincinnati Zoo, harvested stormwater is used as Stormwater can be used to provide water for outdoor makeup water for moats surrounding animal enclosures and fountains or other ornamental water features (Box 1-3)
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From page 31... ...
Although the DC supplemented with makeup water. Firefighting water volume stormwater capture systems are primarily designed to reduce needs for specific building types and sizes can be calculated runoff flowing to the combined sewer during wet weather, based on the International Fire Code (ICC, 2012)
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v=6S JLraXsxys. FIGURE 2-3-2 An ornamental water feature at the Cincinnati Zoo that is replenished by a stormwater capture system.
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From page 33... ...
. Larger graywater systems in offices and urban stormwater wetlands may accumulate contaminants other commercial buildings may also be used for landscape from the urban landscape, these effects should be monitored irrigation, although large-scale graywater supplies are com- and mitigated if possible.
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From page 34... ...
Reasons for this increase in potable water use compared to pre-project conditions remain unknown but could include a lower than average winter rainfall or added landscaping because of a perceived more abundant water supply, or the perception that more water use was not wasteful (J. Gallop, City of Long Beach, personal communication, 2014)
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From page 35... ...
The stormwater capture and treatment system will serve as the primary water source for irrigation, reducing potable water demand and reducing harmful stormwater discharges. The capital cost for all four cisterns is estimated to be $1.75 million, which does not include the costs of the treatment system or the piping and drainage components.
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From page 36... ...
FIGURE 2-6-1 The Rory M Shaw Wetlands Park project in the Sun Valley neighborhood of Los Angeles will augment local groundwater supplies in a multipurpose facility.
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From page 37... ...
, infiltration tured stormwater are that larger infiltration or storage sites can FIGURE 2-3 Managed recharge of stormwater and other water sources by the Orange County Water District has increased substantially over the past 30 years in the Santa Ana River basin. The figure shows recharge of surface water base flow, managed stormwater recharge, managed recharge of imported water, and reclaimed water from the Orange County Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS)
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From page 38... ...
Stormwater capture projects can serve facilitate decentralized resource recovery in large new dea range of uses from irrigation to toilet flushing and HVAC velopments. FIGURE 2-4 Stormwater infiltration effects on groundwater supplies using regional recharge facilities.
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