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Refinements to the Methods for Developing Spacecraft Exposure Guidelines (2016) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
Pages 7-13

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From page 7...
... Because several hundred atmospheric chemicals would likely be found in the complex, closed environment of the space station, an understanding of how contaminants are generated and the concentrations that are likely to pose a health hazard to crew members was needed to design the trace contaminant control system. An NRC committee developed methods for determining spacecraft maximum allowable concentrations (SMACs)
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From page 8...
... Water can be recovered onboard from sources such as humidity condensate, used hygiene water, and urine, and controls are needed to prevent contaminants from reaching concentrations that might pose a health risk to astronauts. Thus, at the request of NASA, an updated set of methods for establishing exposure guidelines was developed, focusing on special considerations for water contaminants (NRC 2000b)
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From page 9...
... – NRC (2007) C3-C8 Aliphatic saturated aldehydes NRC (2008a)
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From page 10...
... – Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine NRC (2008a) – Vinyl chloride NRC (1994)
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From page 11...
... The use of quantitative approaches over qualitative assessments is encouraged when estimating exposure guidelines, as mathematical models and statistical analyses can now be used at various steps of the risk assessment process, such as analyzing dose-response data to estimate doses associated with a low level of response, to quantify species differences, or to pool data from multiple studies. Transparency is an overarching aspect of performing toxicologic assessments, because it is critical that an assessment is understandable, that enough information is presented so that it would be possible to reproduce the assessment, that modeling approaches and assumptions are supported, and that departures from default approaches are adequately justified.
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From page 12...
... NASA will use the updated methods to reevaluate some of the existing exposure values and to develop SMACs and SWEGs for new chemicals, and the committee will subsequently review the proposed exposure guidelines to ensure that they were derived in accordance with current risk assessment practices. The updated SMACs and SWEGs will be published in future reports.
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From page 13...
... 2009. Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment.
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Key Terms

  • spacecraft maximum
  • maximum allowable
  • developing smacs
  • space station
  • allowable concentrations

  • developing spacecraft
  • hydrazine nrc
  • water contaminants
  • chemical exposure
  • water exposure

  • continuous exposure
  • spacecraft water
  • assessment practices
  • manned space
  • international space

  • selected airborne
  • crew performance
  • toxicologic assessments
  • spacecraft exposure
  • developing exposure

  • proposed exposure
  • ter exposure
  • existing exposure
  • exposure values
  • ing exposure

  • estimating exposure
  • acceptable exposure
  • exposure levels
  • determine exposure
  • exposure concentrations


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