Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines (1994) / Chapter Skim
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Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines--An Introduction
Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines--An Introduction
Pages 5-12
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From page 5... ...
However, until there were established worldwide standards for transmission and reception of FAX documents, the technology remained an intellectual curiosity that was shown and discussed primarily in the research laboratory. Similarly, the concept (and realization)
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From page 6... ...
, low-cost memory, and algorithm improvements that has stimulated a wide range of uses for voice processing technology across the spectrum of telecommunications and consumer, military, and specialized applications. ELEMENTS OF VOICE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY The field of voice processing encompasses five broad technology areas, including: · voice coding, the process of compressing the information in a voice signal so as to either transmit it or store it economically over a channel whose bandwidth is significantly smaller than that of the uncompressed signal;
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, and 16 Kbps (Low Delay Code Excited Linear Prediction-G.728~. Voice coding has also been exploited in cellular systems with the advent of the European GSM standard at 13.2 Kbps, the North American Standard (IS-54, Vector Storage Excitation Linear Prediction)
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; proofing of text documents ("listening" to your written reports, responses to e-mail, etch; and providing names, addresses, and telephone numbers in response to directory assistance queries. SPEECH RECOGNITION Although speech recognition technology has made major advancements in the past several years, we are still a long way from the science fiction recognition machines as embodied by Hal in Stanley Kubrick's 2001, A Space Odyssey, or R2D2 in George Lucas's Star Wars.
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in order to gain entry. SPOKEN LANGUAGE TRANSLATION Since spoken language translation relies heavily on speech recognition, speech synthesis, and natural language understanding, as well as on text-to-text (or message-to-message)
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These include well-established methods of syntactic and semantic analysis, pragmatics, and discourse and dialogue analysis. Such natural language understanding provides the bridge between words and concepts, thereby enabling the machine to act properly based on a spoken request and to respond properly with an appropriate action taken by the machine.
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From page 11... ...
The talks on the first day provided a perspective on our current understanding of voice processing in general, and on speech synthesis, speech recognition, and natural language understanding specifically. The talks on the second day discussed applications of the technology in the telecommunications area, in the government and military, in the consumer area, and in aids for handicapped persons.
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From page 12... ...
Madeleine Bates (BBN) discussed models of natural language understanding and reviewed our current understanding in the areas of syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse.
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