Effective Project Scoping Practices to Improve On-Time and On-Budget Delivery of Highway Projects (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Research Results about the PSP P a r t 1
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5 C h a p t e r 1 Background Transportation agencies have significantly improved many aspects of project delivery, yet they continue to be challenged by cost increases and time delays that occur after a project is programmed and funded. Increasing or changing the scope of a project to improve facility performance is a common source of cost increase and time delay.
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6 effective project Scoping practices to Improve On-time and On-Budget Delivery of highway Budgets have the potential to reduce total design and construction costs by as much as 20 percent, and shorten total design and construction schedules by as much as 39 percent. Integrated Multidisciplinary Team Approach On the most complex project many disciplines are involved in project scoping.
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7 C h a p t e r 2 This discussion of the current status of the PSP includes a description of outreach and definition of the PSP, time frame, tools in use, activities covered, performance measurement techniques, experts involved, and critical issues and challenges. Outreach and Definition Only 40 percent of STAs have publicly available information on their PSP.
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8 effective project Scoping practices to Improve On-time and On-Budget Delivery of highway Budgets Experts Involved This research indicated that design, environmental, and maintenance experts are often involved in the PSP. Environmental experts are involved because the scoping process tends to focus on environmental issues, and maintenance personnel are involved because they help assess the performance of a road or bridge to determine project needs.
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What Is the Current practice? 9 • Involve experienced personnel.
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10 C h a p t e r 3 Definition Based on the current research, the definition of the proposed effective PSP is: The project scoping process is a series of project-focused activities that develop key design parameters and other project requirements to a sufficient level of definition such that scope discovery is complete and a budget and project completion date can be accurately established to minimize the risk of significant change and project overruns. This definition is the stepping stone for the development of the PSP detailed in this guidebook.
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What Is an effective pSp? 11 Figure 1.
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12 effective project Scoping practices to Improve On-time and On-Budget Delivery of highway Budgets Figure 2. Level 1 IDEF model.
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Develop Project A1 Conduct Real Property Research A21 Conduct Preliminary Utility Conflict Analysis A22 Analyze Alternatives and Document Findings A2 Develop Preliminary Drawings A31 Engage Public A33 Develop Recommended Alternative A3 Determine Real Property Requirements A32 Solicit Input from Public Stakeholders A25 Prepare Preliminary Scoping Estimate A27 Perform Project Scoping A0- Project Definion - Project Purpose and Need - Exisng Condions - Capacity Improvements Need - Geographical, Political, and Technical Constraints - Environmental/Sustainability Drivers - Community Concern and Critical Issues Project for Scoping Recommended Alternative Scoping Report Prepare Conceptual Cost Estimate A15 Develop Conceptual TMP A26 Refine Project Concept A14 Conduct Site Visit A12 Survey Existing Environmental Conditions A23 Develop Preliminary Schematics A24 Develop Final TMP A35 Prepare Baseline Cost and Schedule A36 Prepare Scoping Report A37 Solicit Input From Public A13 Develop Final Environmental Documentation A34 Select Recommended Project Alternative A28 Summarize Key Project Characteristics A16 Select PSP Team A11 Figure 4. PSP framework.
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14 effective project Scoping practices to Improve On-time and On-Budget Delivery of highway Budgets Develop Project A1 Select PSP Team A11 Solicit Input from Public A13 Refine Project Concept A14 Prepare Conceptual Cost Estimate A15 Conduct Site Visit A12 Identify Discipline Needs to Be Addressed A111 Identify Key Internal Participants and External Stakeholders A112 Summarize Key Project Characteristics A16 Prepare Organizational Chart A113 Prepare for Site Visit A121 Confirm Project Information A122 Identify Required Investigations for PSP A123 Reconfirm ContextSensitive Issue A124 Identify Stakeholders/ Identify Affected Populations and Communities A131 Receive/Record Inputs from Stakeholders, Populations, and Communities A132 Identify and Document Future Expansion and Alternative Consideration A141 Refine Project Purpose and Need Document A142 Refine Project Characteristics A143 Determine Basis for Conceptual Cost Estimate A151 Prepare Base Conceptual Cost Estimate A152 Determine Major Risks and Set Contingency A153 Review Conceptual Cost Estimate A154 Approve Conceptual Cost Estimate A155 Figure 5. PSP framework -- develop project.
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Figure 6. PSP framework -- analyze alternatives and document findings.
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Develop Preliminary Drawings A31 Engage Public A33 Develop Final Environmental Documentation A34 Develop Final TMP A35 Determine Real Property Requirements A32 Identify Owner Approval Requirements A311 Identify Documentation/ Deliverables A312 Identify Computing CAD/Model Requirements A313 Produce Preliminary Drawings A314 Gather Additional Data to Refine Recommended Alternative A321 Survey Existing Right-of-Way and Real Property Lines A322 Prepare Right-ofWay Map A323 Identify Stakeholders, Populations, Affected Owners, and Communities A331 Notify Affected Populations, Properties, and Communities and Receive Input A332 Finalize Mitigation Plan A333 Prepare Preliminary Environmental Documentation with Recommended Alternative A341 Perform Administrative Completeness Review A342 Revise/Modify Mitigation Plan, Permits, Etc. A343 Compile Project Information A351 Determine Types of TMP A352 Identify Stakeholders A353 Prepare Baseline Cost and Schedule A36 Prepare Scoping Report A37 Determine Estimate Basis for Recommended Alternative A361 Prepare Estimate Basis for Recommended Alternative A362 Determine Risks and Set Contingency for Recommended Alternative A363 Review Estimate for Recommended Alternative A364 Approve Estimate for Recommended Alternative A365 Identify Required Documentation/ Deliverables A371 Draft Project Scoping Report A372 Evaluate Project Definition Completeness for Recommended Alternative A373 Reach Resource Agency Concurrence, Record Permits and Commitment, and Document Administrative Record A344 Approve/Modify Scoping Report A374 Finalize Scoping Report A375 Assess Preliminary Relocation Assistance Needs A324 Develop Preliminary TMP A354 Finalize Preliminary TMP A355 Draft Final Document and Gather Public Review Input A345 Prepare Design Schedule for Recommended Alternative A366 Develop Recommended Alternative A3 Figure 7.
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What Is an effective pSp? 17 Figure 8.
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18 effective project Scoping practices to Improve On-time and On-Budget Delivery of highway Budgets Alternative Analysis and Preliminary Plans Environmental Process Utility Conflict Analysis, Permits, Relocation, and Reimbursement Property Acquisition and Relocation Assistance Design and Plan, Specification & Estimate Assembly Letting Construction Planning Preliminary Design Detailed Design Letting Construction Post Construction Property Management Planning linkages Definition, Selection, Financing, Sched. Environmental Commitments Preliminary Utility Conflict Analysis Right-of-Way Map Development Agreements, Scope Update Construction authorization Environmental reevaluation Environmental approval Right-of-way authorization Project Management 30% design 60% design 90% design 15-20% design 0% design Preliminary Inputs to Planning Figure 9.
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What Is an effective pSp? 19 Alternative Analysis and Preliminary Plans Environmental Process Utility Conflict Analysis, Permits, Relocation, and Reimbursement Property Acquisition and Relocation Assistance Design and PS&E Assembly Letting Construction Planning Preliminary Design Detailed Design Letting Construction Post Construction Property Management Planning linkages Definition, Selection, Financing, Sched.
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20 C h a p t e r 4 The level of effort and information required to perform project scoping activities are usually different depending on the type, size, and complexity of the project, with large and complex projects requiring more effort during the scoping phase. This guidebook offers a comprehensive and scalable PSP in order to improve on-time and on-budget delivery of projects.
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how Can an agency Implement an effective pSp? 21 Process Time Allotment The time required for completion of the process will depend on the type, size, and complexity of the project.
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22 C h a p t e r 5 This guidebook: • Provides a consistent way to perform the PSP across the districts/regions of the SHA. • Provides a comprehensive process with a hierarchical breakdown of activities for performing the PSP.
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how Can an agency Use this Guidebook? 23 These projects involve environmental impact studies or complex environmental assessment, ROW plans, major utility relocations or heavy multi-utility coordination, comparative studies of multiple alternatives, and controversial and high-profile project stakeholders.
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