Eliminating the Public Health Problem of Hepatitis B and C in the United States Phase One Report (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Glossary
Appendix D: Glossary
Pages 157-172
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From page 157... ...
Affordable Care Act – Legislation passed by Congress and then signed into law by the president on March 23, 2010. On June 28, 2012, the Supreme Court rendered a final decision to uphold the health care law.
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From page 158... ...
– Anti-HBc indicates precious or ongoing infection with hepatitis B virus in an undefined time frame. IgM is an antibody to the HBV core antigen that appears during acute infection, with levels typically decreasing within 6 months despite persistence of infection.
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From page 159... ...
cellular response – The immune response produced when sensitized T cells attack foreign antigens and secrete lymphokines that initiate the body's humoral immune response. Child-Pugh or Child-Turcotte-Pugh score – A classification used to assess the prognosis of chronic liver disease.
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From page 160... ...
efficacy – The ability to produce a desired or an intended result. electronic health record – an electronic version of a patient's medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that person's care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data, and radiology reports.
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From page 161... ...
fatty liver disease – A reversible condition wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells due to abnormal retention of lipids within the cells. Fatty liver disease occurs when more than 5 to 10 percent of the liver weight is fat.
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From page 162... ...
The presence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies indicates previous or ongoing infection with hepatitis B in an undefined time frame. HBV e antibody – Anti-HBe is produced by the immune system temporarily during acute hepatitis B infection or consistently during or after a burst in viral replication.
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From page 163... ...
The presence of HBV surface antigens indicates that the person is infectious. The body normally produces antibodies to HBV surface antigens as part of the normal immune response to infection.
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Immune tolerance is achieved under conditions that suppress the immune reaction and is not just the absence of an immune response. immunity – Inherited, acquired, or induced resistance to infection by a specific pathogen.
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magnetic resonance elastography – A noninvasive magnetic resonance i maging–based technique for quantitatively assessing the mechanical properties of tissues in vivo. Magnetic resonance elastography is performed by using a vibration source to generate low frequency mechanical waves in tissue.
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From page 166... ...
NS5B RNA polymerase – NS5B is a protein found in hepatitis C virus. It has the key function of replicating the hepatitis C viral RNA by using the viral positive RNA strand as its template and catalyzes the polymerization of ribonucleoside triphosphates during RNA replication.
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From page 167... ...
occult HBV infection – Defined as hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA detection in serum or in the liver in HBV surface antigen negative patients with or without serologic markers of previous viral exposure.
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From page 168... ...
In hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is an increase in HBV viral replication in patients with chronic or past HBV infection.
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From page 169... ...
T-cell response – T cells are a type of lymphocyte that play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. T helper cells assist other white blood cells in immunologic processes, including maturation of B cells into plasma cells and memory B cells, and activation of cytotoxic T cells and macrophages.
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From page 170... ...
Varices occur when normal blood flow to the liver is obstructed by scar tissue in the liver or a clot. Seeking a way around the blockages, blood flows into smaller blood vessels that are not designed to carry large volumes of blood.
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The capsid and envelope play many roles in viral infection, including virus attachment to cells, entry into cells, release of the capsid contents into the cells, and packaging of newly formed viral particles. viral hepatitis – Liver inflammation due to a viral infection.
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