Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity Navigating the Evidence (2016) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
6 Framework for Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity to Inform Decision Making
6 Framework for Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity to Inform Decision Making
Pages 161-178
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 161... ...
Framework guides end users to assess reports in the context of their intended use and application of the evidence. • To interpret estimates of obesity prevalence and trends, the end user needs to assess the population included in the study, the data collection methodologies, and the analytic procedures.
|
From page 162... ...
END USERS OF OBESITY PREVALENCE AND TRENDS REPORTS Prevalence and trends reports provide insight into the scope and status of obesity within a defined population. This type of information is fundamental to understanding and describing the issue, and often serves as a key piece of evidence used to inform decisions related to policies, strategies, advocacy, funding, programs, and other plans for forward progress.
|
From page 163... ...
At present, however, select groups and populations are better represented in published reports than are others. Many reasons exist for this, with a prominent one being that investigators who design and conduct obesity prevalence and trends studies face limitations with respect to purpose, feasibility, cost, time, and sample size.
|
From page 164... ...
San Diego is using its obesity data to help school nurses understand the purpose and need for the district's new wellness policy." (Kann, 2015) can approach published reports, consider the strengths and weaknesses of obesity estimates, and synthesize the information for the purposes of decision making.
|
From page 165... ...
Assessment of published reports to inform decision making is contextually framed in the end user's intended use of the findings. a Population refers to individuals assessed in the report.
|
From page 166... ...
? d • How were height and weight data collected?
|
From page 167... ...
• After assessing the report, what additional information about obesity prevalence and/or trends do you need to inform your decision? NOTES: The provided list is intended to facilitate the assessment process.
|
From page 168... ...
For instance, an end user may have multiple reports providing different estimates for the same population and may need to decide which, if any, provides the strongest evidence. The end user goal can also be broad in nature, with the obesity estimates serving as one piece in a wide range of evidence being weighed.
|
From page 169... ...
The committee identifies 13 studies published in the past 10 years that have assessed obesity prevalence and trends among middle school-aged children. The wellness committee decides to use the APT Framework in an iterative, stepwise fashion to structure their thinking.
|
From page 170... ...
The extent to which such additional information is used in the decision-making process, however, should not detract from the importance of the concepts presented in the APT Framework. UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF THE FRAMEWORK The APT Framework is a conceptual guide intended to serve as a starting point for those who wish to better understand and apply published reports and brings together considerations specific to the assessment of obesity status and general to any prevalence and trends study.
|
From page 171... ...
The APT Framework Can Be Used Both for Assessing Individual Reports and for Synthesizing Multiple Reports The committee used the word "report" to describe a publication, peerreviewed or otherwise, with original analysis that produces estimates of obesity prevalence or trend for a defined population group and/or subgroup. Some reports, especially at the state and local level, are summaries of primary analyses and may not contain the detail needed to adequately assess the findings.
|
From page 172... ...
An End User's Goal Informs the Application of Any Report or Reports Reports on obesity prevalence and trends are generally designed to address a specific set of questions within a defined set of parameters. The estimates presented in reports are guided not only by the question the report's authors sought to answer, but also methodologies used and analytic limits of the collected data.
|
From page 173... ...
. The Three Core Components of a Published Report Are Interdependent Three core components in a report inform the interpretation of an obesity prevalence or trend estimate: the population assessed, the methodologies employed, and the analysis approach used.
|
From page 174... ...
Director JD is concerned that legislators who represent rural counties could legitimately criticize prioritization of childhood obesity prevention grants for predominantly urban counties as being biased and not based on current knowledge about prevalence of obesity in the State. Director JD has received anecdotal evidence from directors of some rural childcare centers about a growing problem of obesity among preschool children.
|
From page 175... ...
Methods Study 1 uses proxy-reported heights and weights to assess obesity status. Community socioeconomic status, defined as percent of people living at or below the federal poverty level, and demographic characteristics are used to assess differences in obesity prevalence.
|
From page 176... ...
Although the sample size is relatively large, the intent of the analysis is not to characterize obesity prevalence or trend within the state. As such, the prevalence data are presented only as demographic characteristics REFINEMENT, ADAPTATIONS, AND ALTERNATIVE USES OF THE APT FRAMEWORK The concepts presented in the proposed framework represent the committee's synthesis of key considerations related to inconsistencies that exist in the literature and consideration for principles of epidemiology, data collection, and statistical analysis that affect the interpretation of estimates of obesity prevalence and trends.
|
From page 177... ...
In comparison to the NHANES estimate, the reports seem to indicate that the state prevalence may exceed the national estimate for this age range, although JD recognizes that none of the reports had a sample representa tive of preschool children throughout the state. Along with the anecdotal evidence from the directors of some rural childcare centers, Director JD concludes she is comfortable telling the legislature that a lthough no scientific reports are available on childhood obesity prevalence in rural and urban areas in the state, the available evidence suggests that preschool age children should be a target population of prevention efforts.
|
From page 178... ...
PowerPoint presentation at Evaluating Approaches to Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Data Gathering Public Workshop, Washington, DC. Ogden, C
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.