Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging (2016) / Chapter Skim
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1 Background and Study Task
1 Background and Study Task
Pages 17-24
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From page 17... ...
production of this isotope since the late 1980s.6 The United States imports Mo-99 for domestic use from Australia, Canada, Europe, and South Africa. Mo-99 and Tc-99m cannot be stockpiled for use because of their short 1 PublicLaw 112-239.
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half-lives.7 Consequently, they must be routinely produced and delivered to medical imaging centers. At present, almost all Mo-99 for medical use is produced by irradiating targets containing weapons-grade highly enriched uranium (HEU)
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Two enrichment processes, gaseous diffusion and gas centrifuge, have been used to produce HEU in the United States and several other countries for defense and civilian applications. As noted in the text, the primary concern with civilian utilization of HEU is its potential diversion by terrorists to make nuclear explosive devices.
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Congress in the Energy Policy Act of 2005, examined the technical and economic feasibility of producing medical isotopes without HEU. That study was motivated by a conflict between the objectives of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, which created increasing pressures to phase out HEU exports from the United States for medical isotope production, and the Energy Policy Act of 2005, which sought to increase the reliability of medical isotope supplies by permitting the export of HEU for medical isotope production, thus bypassing the requirements of the 1992 Act for HEU exports to Canada and Europe.
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This study was completed in early 2016 and published in the report titled Reducing the Use of Highly Enriched Uranium in Civilian Research Reactors (NASEM, 2016)
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1.2 STRATEGY TO ADDRESS THE STUDY TASK The present study was carried out by a committee of 13 experts with collective expertise in accelerator design and operation, chemistry and radiopharmaceutical chemistry, medical economics, medical isotope production, nuclear engineering, nuclear medicine, nuclear pharmacy operations, and radioactive waste processing and management. In selecting the membership of this committee, the Academies sought to obtain a balance between members with experience in the production and isotope utilization in nuclear medicine, and members with relevant technical expertise but little-to-no direct experience with medical isotope production or utiliza
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The committee asked several organizations to perform accuracy checks on factual portions of this report during the Academies report review process.11 These organizations included the study sponsor (NNSA) as well as current and potential future participants in the Mo-99/Tc-99m supply chain.
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was completed, and it examines future production prospects. • Chapter 4 assesses progress toward establishing domestic produc tion of Mo-99 for medical use.
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