Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging (2016) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
7 Molybdenum-99/Technetium-99m Supply
7 Molybdenum-99/Technetium-99m Supply
Pages 187-200
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 187... ...
Section 7.2 describes the adequacy of Mo-99 supplies to meet future global demand, drawing on the careful work of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD-NEA)
|
From page 188... ...
Future supplies of Mo-99 will be affected by five factors: • Current available global capacity to supply Mo-99 • Reductions in available global supply capacity after Canada stops producing Mo-99 • Planned additions to available global supply capacity by current irradiation services suppliers and/or Mo-99 suppliers • Potential additions to available domestic supply capacity • Other potential sources of Mo-99/Tc-99m supplies These factors are discussed in the following subsections. 7.1.1 Current Available Global Capacity to Supply Mo-99 About 95 percent of the global supply of Mo-99 is produced by seven irradiation services suppliers and distributed by five Mo-99 global suppliers (see Chapter 3)
|
From page 189... ...
will be kept in a hot standby mode during this contingency period. The Canadian government has emphasized that the NRU reactor capacity during this contingency period should not be viewed as outage reserve capacity (ORC, see Sidebar 3.1 in Chapter 3)
|
From page 190... ...
The Canadian government has not publicly described the supply shortage triggers that would lead it to order a restart of Mo-99 production at NRU during the contingency period.3 The Canadian government is instead focusing on establishing communication channels with relevant stakeholders so that it can receive the information it needs to inform a restart decision. These stakeholders include the Canadian federal agencies National Resources Canada and Health Canada; international organizations with information on reactor outage schedules such as the Association of Imaging Producers & Equipment Suppliers; global Mo-99 suppliers; and other national governments, including the United States.4 The Canadian and U.S.
|
From page 191... ...
Nordion ships Mo-99 to the United States using chartered aircraft, which adds flexibility and convenience. This supply flexibility will be maintained during the contingency period, but it will be lost after March 2018.
|
From page 192... ...
. Two additional European research reactors may become irradiation services suppliers: • FRM-II, Germany, could start producing Mo-99 in 2018.
|
From page 193... ...
The scheduled expansions in available supply capacity by ANSTO, Mallinckrodt, and NTP will add about 4,400 6-day Ci per week in 2017, about 300 6-day Ci per week less than the capacity loss from Nordion. 7.1.4 Potential Additions to Available Domestic Supply Capacity Several private-sector companies in the United States are planning to produce Mo-99 for medical use.
|
From page 194... ...
However, these suppliers must obtain Food and Drug Administration approval to sell cyclotron-produced Tc-99m in the United States, and they will have to demonstrate the ability to produce this isotope reliably and cost-effectively. Even if successful, these suppliers are unlikely to provide more than a few hundred 6-day Ci per week to the U.S.
|
From page 195... ...
However, available supply capacity will be reduced substantially after October 2016 when the Canadian supplier shuts down, and supply capacity could be reduced further in 2017-2018 when European suppliers convert to low enriched uranium targets and the Australian supplier starts up a new target process ing facility, especially if these suppliers encounter conversion and/or start-up delays. The committee judges that there is a substantial (>50 percent)
|
From page 196... ...
Projects that are exploring reactor- or non-reactor-based alter native technologies are assumed to have 50 percent probability of starting full-scale production on their announced commissioning dates because these technologies are not proven for large-scale commercial Mo-99 pro duction and the market distribution is not established. For this scenario, OECD-NEA finds that processing capacity appears to be sufficient to meet projected demand + 35 percent ORC even without all planned qualified projects being included in the total processing capacity (see Figure S7.1, Middle)
|
From page 197... ...
Middle: Scenario B or Technological Challenge scenario. Bot tom: Scenario C or Project Delayed scenario.
|
From page 198... ...
Unplanned outages of Mo-99 suppliers could also reduce available supply capacity below current global demand. The number of global Mo-99 suppliers will be reduced from five to four after Canada stops supplying Mo-99.
|
From page 199... ...
likelihood of severe molybdenum-99/ technetium-99m supply shortages after October 2016, lasting at least until the planned production expansions described in Section 7.1.3 of this chapter are completed. In particular, unplanned outages at IRE, Mallinckrodt, or NTP would likely cause severe Mo-99 supply shortages, and delays by 9 NTP, which already produces a portion of its supply with LEU targets, also encountered unexpected delays.
|
From page 200... ...
government should continue to work with the Canadian government to ensure that there is an executable and well-communicated plan in place to restart emergency production of molybdenum-99 in Canada if there are extended unplanned facility outages. The committee is particularly concerned about the potential for unplanned outages in global Mo-99 supplier facilities and the impacts of those outages on global Mo-99 supplies.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.