Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging (2016) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 5-16
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From page 5... ...
. The congressional mandate for the study is provided in the American Medical Isotopes Production Act of 2012 (AMIPA; P.L.
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This assessment should identify key remaining obstacles for eliminating highly enriched uranium from reactor targets and medical isotope production facilities and recom mend steps that could be taken to overcome the identified obstacles. Note about the statement of task: The language of the statement of task shown in italics was not part of the congressional mandate provided by AMIPA; it was added during the negotiations between the Academies and the sponsoring orga nization within DOE, the National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE-NNSA)
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From page 7... ...
STUDY CHARGE 2 Review international production of molybdenum-99 over the pre vious 5 years,3 including whether any new production was brought online; whether any facilities halted production unexpectedly; and whether any facilities used for production were decommissioned or otherwise permanently removed from service. 3 These examinations are referenced to 2009, the year of publication of the previous Acad emies report on medical isotope production (NRC, 2009)
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From page 8... ...
These shutdowns have reduced/will reduce available production capacity and reserve production capacity that could be used to cover supply shortages if they occur. Implementation of the planned expansions by current global Mo-99 suppliers would add about 4,400 6-day Ci per week4 of available supply capacity, almost offsetting the 4,680 6-day Ci per week of available supply capacity loss when the NRU reactor in Canada stops the routine production of Mo-99 after October 2016 and permanently shuts down at the end of March 2018.
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From page 9... ...
STUDY CHARGE 3 Assess progress made in the previous 5 years toward establishing domestic production of molybdenum-99 for medical use, including the extent to which other medical isotopes that have been pro duced with molybdenum-99, such as iodine-131 and xenon-133, are being used for medical purposes. The committee developed the following two findings to address this study charge (see Chapter 4)
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From page 10... ...
recently began supplying Xe-133 to the United States. The University of Missouri Research Reactor Center has regulatory approval to produce I-131 by irradiating tellurium targets and is currently testing its process.
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However, available supply capacity will be reduced substantially after October 2016 when the Canadian supplier shuts down, and supply capacity could be reduced further in 2017-2018 when European suppliers convert to low enriched uranium targets and the Australian supplier starts up a new target process
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From page 12... ...
The Canadian government announced that its NRU reactor at the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) would cease the routine production of Mo-99 after October 2016.
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Chapter 5 provides the committee's assessment of the progress made by the DOE and others to eliminate worldwide use of highly enriched uranium in reactor targets and medical isotope production facilities. The committee developed the following four findings and three recommendations to address this study charge: FINDING 5A: The American Medical Isotopes Production Act of 2012 is accelerating the elimination of worldwide use of U.S.-origin highly enriched uranium in targets and medical isotope production facilities.
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From page 14... ...
Additional steps to promote the wider utilization of Mo-99/Tc-99m produced without the use of HEU targets and hasten the elimination of HEU from the global supply chain could include the following: • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: Continue to offer the $10 add-on reimbursement for Tc-99m from non-HEU sources until Mo-99 from HEU sources is no longer available for commer cial sale in the United States; accelerate the retrospective analysis of medical procedure costs that utilize Tc-99m from non-HEU sources. • NNSA: Examine options to eliminate the availability of HEU tar gets for Mo-99 production to shorten the transition period, for example, by buying back U.S.-origin HEU in raw or target form from global Mo-99 suppliers once Mo-99 production with LEU targets is firmly established.
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From page 15... ...
Of particular note is NNSA's work with the Canadian government to return to the United States the HEU waste that is being stored in liquid form at CNL, as well as its work with Argentina and Indonesia to downblend their HEU wastes. The HEU waste from Mo-99 production in Pakistan, South Africa, and the Russian Federation is not of U.S.
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From page 16... ...
and Russian scien tific and technical organizations to facilitate conversion. The continued sale of Mo-99 produced with HEU targets to international markets from the Russian Federation or any other country could delay the full transition to non-HEU supply, continue the current market distortions in Mo-99 prices, and impact the sustainability of Mo-99 supplies over the long term.
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