Implementing Evidence-Based Prevention by Communities to Promote Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Health in Children Proceedings of a Workshop (2017) / Chapter Skim
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5 Programs or Principles?
5 Programs or Principles?
Pages 33-44
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From page 33... ...
(Botvin) A prominent question in the prevention field has been whether it is possible to identify similar component elements in evidence-based programs and disseminate those elements, whether identified as principles, practices, or kernels, rather than the programs themselves.
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From page 34... ...
. If different programs share some but not all principles, the effectiveness of the programs or of the TABLE 5-1 Comparisons Within and Across Programs Practice Z Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 Review Outcome Program A X X X Program A effectiveness Program B X Program B effectiveness Program C X Program C effectiveness Program D X Program D effectiveness Program E X X Program E effectiveness Review Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 Practice Z effectiveness Outcome Effectiveness Effectiveness Effectiveness SOURCE: Gies (2106)
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From page 35... ...
Among its strengths, it integrates similar programs, multiple versions of programs, and adaptations of those programs, since the components of different programs can be analyzed. It summarizes evidence into a single statistic (generally effect size)
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From page 36... ...
if technical assistance is what makes programs effective, we have a huge potential in terms of impact at a much smaller price than mounting specific programs with extensive training requirements," he concluded. DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND KERNELS A ccording to Anthony Biglan, senior scientist at the Oregon Research Institute, most of the components of evidence-based family and school
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From page 37... ...
4. A relational frame kernel creates verbal relations for a behavior.
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From page 38... ...
"If the only public health principle we chose to pursue was an increase in the longevity of every member of society, we would quickly conclude that reducing the prevalence of toxic social environments was the most important means of achieving that goal, and so we need to reduce those in childhood," he stated. The second overarching principle is the need to replace aversive means of control with more positively reinforcing practices.
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From page 39... ...
Also, using evaluation results to inform program selection can be difficult, which sometimes means moving away from long-standing programs. TPP is committed to using its evaluation data to continue to improve.
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From page 40... ...
Gilbert Botvin, professor emeritus of health care policy and research at Cornell University's Weill Medical College, made this point by observing that most early prevention efforts focused on trying to increase knowledge or change attitudes. But even where these efforts were able to do that, they tended to have little impact on target behaviors, such as tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug use.
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From page 41... ...
Designed for middle school children, the program teaches a set of self-management and general social skills to decrease the internal motivations to engage in substance abuse and violence. It seeks to decrease vulnerability to influences from the media and from one's peer network that promote substance abuse and violence and to promote resilience.
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From page 42... ...
Many programs, whether on teen pregnancy prevention, drug abuse prevention, teaching social skills, relationship development, or healthy sexual development, can catalyze each other, so that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. "If we atomize this down to the kernel level to see what components should be in it, we may miss the catalytic sort of interactive effect of an environment that's, broadly speaking, well informed and healthful in a variety of dimensions.
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From page 43... ...
Prevention and Health Care Reform The panelists and workshop participants also explored the links between preventive programs in communities and ongoing reforms in health care. As Biglan, who is working with two coordinated care organizations in Oregon, pointed out, much of the money in health care is spent on people whose problems could have been prevented.
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From page 44... ...
As Christopher Harris, Bright Star Church, pointed out, community members tend to think that intervention suggests "Let me fix you," while prevention suggests "Let me make sure you never get broken." What is really necessary, said Harris, is "real economic investment into communities that need these programs.
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