Review of the Research Program of the U.S. DRIVE Partnership Fifth Report (2017) / Chapter Skim
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Bush, a shift in the program took place toward addressing the challenges of developing technologies for hydrogen fuel as well as for fuel cell vehicle technologies. The FreedomCAR and Fuel 1 The focus of the committee's review of technologies for light-duty vehicles is on the Department of Energy's (DOE's)
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DRIVE Partnership as well as the priority setting and targets for needed research are provided by 12 joint industry/ government technical teams, and working groups are formed as needed to address crosscutting issues. This structure has been demonstrated to be an effective means of identifying high-priority, long-term precompetitive research needs for each technology with which the Partnership is involved (see Chapters 1 and 2)
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The U.S. DRIVE partners presently include three automotive companies, five energy companies, two electric power companies, and the Electric Power Research Institute, with the DOE providing the federal leadership.4 Several associate members are also associated with the technical teams.
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Phase 4 review in the period 2011-2012 in many of the technical areas, including such areas as advanced combustion, hydrogen fuel cell durability and cost, and electric drive systems (motor, power electronics, and battery) and cost, the details of which can be found in Chapter 3.
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Since fuel cell vehicles are inherently electric vehicles, much of the work on electric drivetrain and improved batteries is equally applicable to both plug-in electric vehicles and HFCVs. While the $100 million devoted to purely hydrogen and fuel cell technologies is a much smaller share of the total EERE budget, it is still felt by the committee to be appropriate as a share of the overall effort for projects supporting U.S.
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to emphasize work on low-carbon fuels. Given these limitations on the scope of decision making within the Partnership, particularly those due to FACA, the committee feels that the processes applied within the technical teams, and overall at the ESG and the Joint Operations Group level, are robust and appropriate, and that the Partnership has successfully fulfilled its mandate for technical information exchange.
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. The Executive Steering Group should identify appropriate changes in Partnership focus to reflect the impact of new personal mobility models, shrinking opportunities to achieve the aggressive greenhouse gas goals, the transition of many candidate technologies into the competitive domain, and the significant infrastructure challenges in providing hydrogen at fueling stations at a competitive cost -- in particular, while retaining the focus on precompetitive technology enablers.
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, advanced combustion and emission controls for ICEs are important because ICEs for transportation systems are going to be the dominant automotive technology for decades, whether in conventional vehicles, HEVs, PHEVs, or biofuel or natural gas vehicles. There is still much opportunity to reduce the fuel consumption and environmental impact of ICE-powered vehicles, so it is important to keep an active research program in this area.
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internal combustion engine technology into the marketplace may require fuel formulations that are different from today's commercial fuels. Engine manufacturers will not introduce vehicles that utilize advanced combustion systems without the assurance that suitable fuels are available for the new combustion technology.
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U.S.-based OEMs, with significant input from the Partnership, although in different states of development, have advanced fuel cell technology to the point that at least one U.S. DRIVE Partnership OEM (General Motors)
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ONBOARD HYDROGEN STORAGE The mission of the hydrogen storage technical team is to "accelerate research and innovation that will lead to commercially viable hydrogen-storage technologies that meet the U.S. DRIVE Partnership goals." Vehicle driving range and fueling time are important customer attributes for fuel cell vehicles.
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DOE R&D program. The DOE cost target for dispensed hydrogen of less than $4/kg H2 is based on its calculation of threshold cost.7 Since DOE calculated this cost in 2011, there have been changes in the base case values such as the fuel economy for hybrid electric vehicles.
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DRIVE Partnership is the development of technologies addressing the electric drive component cost, weight, and size to help expedite electrified power train market penetration. Several motor configurations and design variations are under investigation to address the high cost of rare earth magnets.
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And so, the availability and cost of recharging options weighs importantly in consumer decisions to purchase and use plug-in electric vehicles. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles also rely on the electric grid, since the electrolysis of water could be used to produce hydrogen fuel.
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vehicle design can enable effective participation in the emerging electric marketplace in a way that increases the market share of nonpetroleum vehicles such as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and (possibly) battery electric vehicles.
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When designing a new vehicle, the options available for weight reduction are compared with other fuel economy improvement solutions including increased power train efficiency, vehicle electrification, decreased tire rolling resistance, and improved aerodynamics. It appears to be more appropriate for the Partnership to set a long-term target for weight reduction, in a similar manner.
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