Engaging the Private Sector and Developing Partnerships to Advance Health and the Sustainable Development Goals Proceedings of a Workshop Series (2017) / Chapter Skim
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2 Health and Private-Sector Engagement in the Sustainable Development Goals
2 Health and Private-Sector Engagement in the Sustainable Development Goals
Pages 7-28
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. • rogress in population health outcomes and the health-related targets of the P SDGs requires consideration of health across the goals and the engagement of all sectors in the SDGs agenda (Conceição, Malloch-Brown, Nabarro)
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The chapter closes with reflections from Marcel Mballa-Ekobena from his experience as a private equity investor in African markets on the development and investment potential in Africa, the role of country ownership in Africa's development, and the alignment of private-sector opportunities and national development priorities. EVOLVING COLLABORATION IN HEALTH AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SDGs David Nabarro Sustainable progress on health outcomes globally requires both addressing the underlying causes of morbidity and mortality and working across sectors, Nabarro asserted.
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Nabarro noted that this approach -- in which collaboration centers on key strategic objectives between business, civil society, academia, and governments, with international organizations playing more of a catalytic rather than lead role as was the case in the past -- has resulted in significant reductions in mortality (Global Fund, 2016; Yan, 2015)
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As has been seen in the agriculture sector, there will be real challenges, but it is possible to create a neutral space for discussion and negotiation. Health and Multisectoral Collaboration in the SDGs Era Nabarro now works across the 17 SDGs, focusing on interactions among the public sector, private sector, civil society, and academia that cut across multiple areas within the development agenda.
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This ability to think laterally, Nabarro acknowledged, will be taxing, but is necessary to achieve the goals. Looking forward, Nabarro urged the forum members and workshop participants to think about new models to enable more collaborative thinking and shared analysis of the challenges in engaging business, civil society, governments, academics, and international organizations to work together on health issues.
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improving the provision of global public goods The SDGs agenda requires policy making and policy choices that are integrated rather than siloed, sectoral approaches. Recognizing this need, as Nabarro also noted, the UN secretary-general has asked individual agencies to work across the UN charter in more integrated approaches than ever before.
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Conceição elaborated on the need for integrated approaches through several examples documented in the following section on health and the SDGs agenda. In recognition of the ambitious nature of the goals and their targets, the second implication is the need to understand and address the rivers d of social and economic exclusion.
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While income and a living wage are aspects of development, human development recognizes the centrality of access to quality education and health. The 1990 human development report tried to capture this concept with what Conceição described as an imperfect measure: the Human Development Index (HDI)
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Cook Stoves Interventions to reduce the use of cook stoves globally have been designed and implemented to reduce exposure to indoor air pollution, improve health outcomes, and decrease greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation (Duflo et al., 2012; Thomas et al., 2015)
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The Role of the Private Sector in the SDGs Given the ambitious scope, universality, and indivisibility of the SDGs, Conceição emphasized that the development community and governments should start engaging with the private sector in a fundamentally new way -- as partners to advance them. The demands of the agenda require mobilizing private capital and private-sector innovation and knowledge to meet the challenges of the 2030 Agenda.
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(Chapter 4 illuminates similar m arket-based models in the health sector and the roles various organizations in supporting them.) Conceição concluded his remarks by adding that, in addition to encouraging private-sector investments through evidence and advocacy, UNDP and other UN agencies have a role in providing evidence and information to public-sector decision makers in support of country led implementation plans for the goals.
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To address health priorities within the SDGs, Malloch-Brown proposed four connected focus areas: public health, health systems, health provisions and insurance pools for the growing middle class across developing countries, and innovation and scale. Health provision in many parts of the world remains at such a low level that focusing on public health, including basic needs such as access to water and sanitation, can have the greatest immediate effect on health outcomes.
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Within each of these four areas, Malloch-Brown noted that there is a role for the private sector. Role of the Private Sector in Development and Health Before discussing the role of the private sector in health specifically, Malloch-Brown shared some reflections on the role of the private sector more broadly in development and the SDGs agenda, particularly in the context of the Commission on Business and Sustainable Development, which he chairs.
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While private-sector capital and innovation are needed to implement the SDGs agenda, Malloch-Brown emphasized that these private-sector investments need to be responsible investments that accept the social contract that comes with being invited into the development sector. He cautioned that the world's poorest, most marginalized, and vulnerable people cannot be subjected to market capitalism that focuses only on short-term investment returns rather than the long-term needs to support sustainable development.
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To demonstrate these trends and proposed shifts and their relevance to the SDGs, Mballa-Ekobena discussed three interrelated areas: the development and investment potential in Africa, the role of country ownership, and the alignment of private-sector opportunities and national development priorities. Development and Investment Potential in Africa The attractiveness of investing in the African continent often focuses on GDP and GDP forecast compared to the rest of the world (see Figure 2-1)
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22 FIGURE 2-1 Headline attractiveness. NOTE: GDP = gross domestic product.
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This heavy reliance on remittances makes countries particularly vulnerable and sensitive to global economic cycles. Country Ownership After sharing these four dimensions for evaluating investment attractiveness in Africa, Mballa-Ekobena discussed the role of country ownership in determining development priorities for the continent.
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. Alignment of Private-Sector Opportunities to National Development Priorities Drawing on the dimensions for evaluating investment opportunities in Africa and the mindset shift toward country ownership that was articulated in the 2014 report, Mballa-Ekobena shared several reflections on aligning private-sector opportunities and national development priorities.
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FIGURE 2-2 Deloitte private equity survey on opportunities over 12 months. SOURCES: As presented by Marcel Mballa-Ekobena on October 27, 2016; Deloitte.
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Kampala, Uganda. Report of the Committee on En suring Country Ownership of Africa's Development Agenda in the Post-2015 Era.
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1990. Human development report.
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