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The Chemistry of Microbiomes Proceedings of a Seminar Series (2017) / Chapter Skim
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5 Envisioning a Chemical Metaproteomics Capability for Biochemical Research and Diagnosis of Global Ocean Microbiomes - Mak A. Saito, Chip Breier, Mike Jakuba, Matthew McIlvin, and Dawn Moran
Pages 29-36

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 29...
... In this chapter, we briefly discuss the development of chemical omic methodologies focused on the measurement of proteins within microbial populations throughout the oceans as a means to create a baseline of biochemical functions to detect changes in their activity. The chemical omics fields, specifically proteomics and metabolomics, could have an important role in studies of oceanic microbes by allowing us to directly observe the molecules participating in biogeochemical reactions and the metabolic products.
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From page 30...
... The long and dark winter results in a large expanse of sea ice coverage around the Antarctic continent with minimal algal photosynthetic activity in the water column below; prokaryotic abundances are depressed during the ice-covered winter season due to a lack of dissolved organic matter production from phytoplankton (Ducklow et al., 2001)
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From page 31...
... Due to the winter darkness and sea ice coverage, photosynthetic activity, dissolved organic matter production, and vitamin biosynthesis rates likely slow significantly in the winter, leaving the system primed for B12 secondary limitation during the spring bloom. Phytoplankton that cultivate B12-producing bacteria within their microbiomes, such as colonies of Phaeocystis antarctica, appear to have a significant ecological advantage over those that do not.
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From page 32...
... 2014. Multiple nutrient stresses at intersecting Pacific Ocean biomes detected by protein biomarkers.
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From page 33...
... For example, the ongoing GEOTRACES expeditions that collect full ocean depth and basin-scale chemical sections spend roughly half of their station time, or one-third of the entire expedition time, collecting microbial particles in seawater over the course of 50-70 days at sea. Efforts to sample the microbiome on a similar expedition using current technology would also require one-third of the expedition time.
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From page 34...
... The chemical omics approaches of proteomics and metabolomics have the capacity to generate dense datasets that assess the diversity of chemical functions being deployed by major microbial constituents. The continued development of high-throughput AUV-assisted sampling, chemical extraction, mass spectrometry, and informatics will enable these chemical omics to extend their capabilities to study and diagnose entire ocean basins in the near future.
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From page 35...
... 2014. Multiple nutri ent stresses at intersecting Pacific Ocean biomes detected by protein biomarkers.
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Key Terms

  • ross sea
  • pacific ocean
  • sea ice
  • acad sci
  • proc natl

  • natl acad
  • major microbial
  • dissolved organic
  • organic matter
  • sci usa

  • chemical interactions
  • southern ocean
  • microbial communities
  • autonomous underwater
  • biogeochemical cycles

  • chip breier
  • dawn moran
  • mike jakuba
  • underwater vehicle
  • matthew mcilvin

  • metabolic products
  • chemical approaches
  • chemical omic
  • global ocean
  • microbial biogeochemistry

  • oceanic microbiome
  • ocean ecosystems
  • ocean biomes
  • microbial taxa
  • intersecting pacific


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