The Chemistry of Microbiomes Proceedings of a Seminar Series (2017) / Chapter Skim
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2 Illuminating the Microbial Dark Matter Beneath Your Feet: Microbial Catalysis in the Terrestrial Subsurface - Kelly C. Wrighton, Rebecca A. Daly, and Michael J. Wilkins
2 Illuminating the Microbial Dark Matter Beneath Your Feet: Microbial Catalysis in the Terrestrial Subsurface - Kelly C. Wrighton, Rebecca A. Daly, and Michael J. Wilkins
Pages 3-12
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From page 3... ...
, only a small fraction of the microbial habitats below our feet have been sampled. Except for cave and mine environments, the accessibility of terrestrial subsurface geological materials is limited by the high cost of continental drilling and the identification of representative samples while minimizing sample contamination (Wilkins et al., 2014)
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From page 4... ...
Beyond the potential for finding organisms that catalyze novel chemical reactions, the desire to manage microbial metabolisms has increased with the human dependency on subsurface resources. Humans interact with the terrestrial subsurface via a range of processes linked to groundwater extraction, energy and mineral recovery, waste disposal, and inadvertent contamination.
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From page 5... ...
, our meta-proteogenomic, the linkage of community-wide proteomic data to metagenomes, approached assigned metabolic roles for uncultivated bacteria that previously lacked characterized physiologies. We discovered that microbial dark matter lineages were a dominant and active fraction of the aquifer microbial community, and provided the first metabolic blueprints for five CP lineages.
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From page 6... ...
analyses. The fermentation of carbon results in the production of organic acids and hydrogen by a phylogenetically novel fermentative community including candidate phyla lineages (OD1, OP11, ACD20)
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CASE STUDY FROM THE DEEP BIOSPHERE: HYDRAULIC FRACTURING CREATES A NEW METHYLAMINE-DRIVEN ECOSYSTEM 2,500 METERS BELOW THE EARTH'S SURFACE Shale gas accounts for one-third of natural gas energy resources worldwide. In the United States, shale gas has been predicted to provide half of the natural gas annually by 2040, with the Marcellus shale in the Appalachian basin projected to produce three times more than any other formation (Daly et al., 2016)
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From page 8... ...
and Utica shale (dashed line) shown.
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From page 9... ...
DALY, AND MICHAEL J WILKINS 9 Figure 2-4 Linking metabolite chemical data to microbial metagenomics provides the first metabolic predictions in hydraulically fractured (HF)
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From page 10... ...
Diverse physiochemical conditions in these habitats often require unique adaptations for life to persist, including mechanisms for tolerance to salinity, pressure, and a lack of light-driven reactions. The ability to survive under such conditions in an environment that is buffered from changes that can impact life at the Earth's surface have led scientists to consider the subsurface of planets and moons in our own solar system as possible refuges for microbial life.
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From page 11... ...
2016. Hydraulic fracturing offers view of microbial life in the deep terrestrial subsurface.
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From page 12... ...
12 THE CHEMISTRY OF MICROBIOMES Wrighton, K
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