The Chemistry of Microbiomes Proceedings of a Seminar Series (2017) / Chapter Skim
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6 Chemical Ecology: The Language of Microbiomes - Mark E. Hay, Deanna S. Beatty, and Frank J. Stewart
6 Chemical Ecology: The Language of Microbiomes - Mark E. Hay, Deanna S. Beatty, and Frank J. Stewart
Pages 37-42
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From page 37... ...
Because our understanding of chemical ecology is best developed for macroorganisms that can be manipulated in field experiments, we first provide an overview of how chemically mediated interactions affect populations, communities, and ecosystems of marine macroorganisms, and then show that the same processes structure interactions within marine microbiomes. CORAL REEFS AS A MACROEXAMPLE On coral reefs, seaweeds and soft-bodied invertebrates (e.g., sponges, soft corals)
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From page 38... ...
38 THE CHEMISTRY OF MICROBIOMES Figure 6-1 Structures of the discussed molecules.
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From page 39... ...
Thus, chemically mediated behaviors determine consumer–prey and competitive interactions, cue critical mutualisms, determine recruitment patterns, and fundamentally alter the stability and resilience of coral reefs. Given that microbes lack well-developed vision and hearing, chemical cues and signals likely play even larger roles within microbiomes.
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From page 40... ...
Causative agents may be early invaders associated with an asymptomatic host state, whereas the disease state is associated with opportunistic secondary invaders or "detritivores." Second, for several diseases there may be no single causative agent, but rather a consortium of agents, potentially with complex interacting chemical profiles; for example, BBD involves cyanobacteria, archaea, sulfur-cycling, and heterotrophic bacteria. Third, mutualistic or commensal bacteria may become pathogenic when the host is stressed; therefore, the chemical ecology of the interacting microbes is likely context dependent.
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From page 41... ...
Finally, if the suggested, but often undemonstrated, chemically mediated interactions structuring microbiomes and microbe–host interactions are constrained by environmental conditions, it is possible that global change will destabilize this chemical language. As an example, coral settlement cues from CCA-associated microbes are lost under ocean acidification due to shifts in microbial communities (Welsh et al., 2016)
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From page 42... ...
2013. Ocean acidification reduces induction of coral settle ment by crustose coralline algae.
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