A Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Science to Achieve Results Research Program (2017) / Chapter Skim
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3 Public Benefits of the Science to Achieve Results Program
3 Public Benefits of the Science to Achieve Results Program
Pages 34-51
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• Outputs are the products of the research activities. Outputs from the STAR program include knowledge outputs (publications, presenta tions, tools, and methods)
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program by STAR grantees, and one that the committee conducted by searching Google Scholar for "Science to Achieve Results EPA OR ORD" in December 2016. The committee chose Google Scholar because it is known to include more early publications and preprints than other databases, such as the Web of Science and Scopus (Meho and Kiduk 2007)
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awareness of Research Action facilities for Plans environmental - Develop data collection -Knowledge and analysis issues and from research, infrastructure impacts to scientific Strengthened human health reviews, - Mentor Development environmental -Guidance workshops, Next research of investigator research -Regulations literature generation of assistants/ and student community -Standards scientists students/fellows careers -Technologies FIGURE 3-1 Logic model for the EPA STAR program. Lines represent linkages between the logic-model components.
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, a voluntary Web-based application system through which STAR fellows could choose to report career information, the committee assessed whether these scientists were continuing careers in environmental research. The FII was developed in 2003 for program-administration purposes, to collect student applications and supporting materials, and to provide a mechanism for fellows to submit information during and after their fellowships, including information on their research projects, publications, awards, and careers.
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An illustration of that in the StRAP for the SHC program is the STAR priority initiative to create Environmental Health Disparities Centers, which will inform an environmental-justice roadmap in a way that is similar to how the EPA-NIEHS STAR Centers for Children's Environmental Health have been central to informing the Children's Environmental Health Roadmap. An analysis provided by EPA that shows the types of organizations that are citing STAR research provides a metric of how STAR research is influencing the users of research results.
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The committee found examples of STAR research that had had various types of benefits: reducing the costs of compliance with environmental regulations, providing a scientific basis for decisions required to protect public health and the environment, and improved methods for environmental management. Some STAR research grants may lead to reductions in the cost of complying with environmental regulations.
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2006. Reduction 25 23 2 8 10 10 in fine particulate air pollution and mortality: Extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study.
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2001. 3 13 8 1 2 16 Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction.
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Documents Awarded Grant Abstract Title Arsenicals, Glutathione Reductase and Cellular 826136 2 1997 Redox Status Studies of the Infectivity of Norwalk and 826139 2 1998 Norwalk-like Viruses Ambient Particle Health Effects: Exposure, 827353 4 1999 Susceptibility, and Mechanisms 827351 3 1999 NYU-EPA PM Center: Health Risks of PM Components 827352 11 1999 Southern California Particle Center and Supersite (SCPCS) Ultrafine Particles: Characterization, Health Effects 827354 8 1999 and Pathophysiological Mechanisms Center for the Study of Prevalent Neurotoxicants 829389 2 2001 in Children 829436 2 2001 Study of Phthalates in Pregnant Woman and Children Inflow, Chemistry and Deposition of Mercury to the 829797 2 2002 West Coast of the United States Application of a Unified Aerosol-Chemistry-Climate GCM to Understand the Effects of Changing Climate and 830959 2 2003 Global Anthropogenic Emissions on U.S.
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The STAR program implemented several large initiatives focused on the human health effects of air pollution, such as the Particulate Matter Centers, the Clean Air Research Centers, and the Air, Climate, and Energy Centers. Studies supported by those centers showed that increased air-pollution exposure leads to a decrease in life expectancy; examples include a followup of the Harvard Six Cities Study (Laden et al.
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TABLE 3-3 Selected Examples of STAR Research Findings and the Public Benefits to Which They Contributed Environmental Program Research Findings Public Benefits ACE PM2.5 exposures lead to cardiovascular Lowering PM2.5 national ambient air effects and are linked with hospital quality standard from 15 to 12 µg/m3 admissions and premature death (EPA 2012)
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It encouraged promising young scientists to obtain advanced degrees and pursue careers in environment-related fields. In addition, the committee found that almost 30% of the papers identified in Google Scholar as having been cited more than 100 times acknowledged support by a STAR fellowship; this suggests that these young investigators are doing high-quality work.
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. Often, the links between research studies and benefits to human health are described best in case studies, which are therefore a valuable way of communicating the favorable effects of action-relevant research of the sort that the STAR program supports.
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U.S. EPA particulate matter research centers: Summary of research results for 2005-2011.
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2015c. Safe and Sustainable Water Resources Strategic Research Action Plan 2016 2019.
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2006. Reduction in fine particulate air pollution and mortality: Extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study.
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2009. Scientific and public health impacts of the NIEHS Extramural Asthma Research Program insights from primary data.
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2016. Presentation at the First Meeting on Review of EPA's Science to Achieve Results' Research Grants Program, June 21, 2016, Washington, DC.
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