The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Pages 10-13

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 10... ... 13 What is a taxonomy? The Transportation Research Board's (TRB) Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... multi‐trun not lend i AE transp located on was repre Intelligen A Taxono informatio This taxon multiple i linear coll grouped i The Phila The Found comprehe promising initial face support st based typ NASA Mo The fourt architectu tertiary el relationsh Outreach The secon identify se lined up f indicated branch. k, modes spe tself to the p ortation mod the C branc sented. It wa TRB T t Transporta my of Intellig n managem omy illustrat nformation m ection of app n a typical tre nthropy Clas ation Cente nsive databa because the ts which incl rategies. A s es and includ del for Non‐M h model revie res. This mo ements. For ips. Survey d sub‐task in archable crit avorably with highlighted t cific structu ublication da e branch fro h within the s determined ransportatio Figu tion Systems ent Transpor ent spanning es multimod anagement lications whi e structure. s System r, a leading so se featuring philanthropi ude: transact ixth facet inc es multiple s ilitary Spac wed (Appen del is unique example, org cluded a surv eria for fede the philanth hat multiface re of passeng tabase struct m an operati Thesaurus Ta that this str n Thesaurus: re 1 TRB Transp Application tation System safety, trans al transporta objectives. Th ch include su urce of infor global grant c class system ion types, or ludes geogra econdary rel e Systems dix 2) , is a NA in that there anizations, fu ey, covered ral and state ropy class sy ted program er and freigh ure. In Figure on perspectiv xonomy, no ucture was n Taxonomy o ortation Thesau s s Application it, intermoda tion systems is taxonomy b‐categories mation abou makers and t grouped gr ganization ty phy. This cla ationships. SA framewo are multiple nctions and in the previo passenger an stem cluster s might be co t, and, state 1 both pass e. Managem facet contain ot suitable fo f Transporta rus Taxonomy s (Appendix l freight and operating ty is a non‐trad . The facets o t worldwide heir program ant program pes, populat ssification sys rk for modeli connections components us chapter. R d freight rail representati ntained in m and federal p enger and fre ent and Org ed "program r the NCRRP tion Researc 2) Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... 15 Outreach Workshop The workshop outreach effort (Appendix 2) further explores user interest in the development of a taxonomy for rail programs. A group of 23 freight and passenger rail experts was assembled at the Transportation Research Board 2014 Annual Meeting, the concept of taxonomy was introduced and the group brainstormed elements to include in the hierarchy. The suggestions were captured and compared to other transportation taxonomies in an effort to develop consistency. The workshop participants brainstormed elements of a passenger and freight, state and federal rail programs to be included in the taxonomy. The group recommended that programs should be organized by the sub‐categories:  Population Types ‐ Identification of who is eligible for the program, i.e. public or private sector organization eligibility.  Authority –identification of authority or program provider. Typically federal, state, public or private sources of revenue.  Transaction Type – Financial instrument available such as loans, forgivable loans, grants or appropriations.  Subject Type‐ Identification of what types of projects objectives are eligible within programs in this category such as safety or economic development.  Geography –Identification of where programs are in use. Armed with examples from the literature review and the input from key stakeholders the team attempted to design a discrete taxonomy for rail programs. It quickly became apparent that the project required multiple stems as identified in the TRB Thesaurus. Funding was classified under Organization and Finance. Passenger and Freight programs were classified under Transportation. A second classification concern arose as programs were assigned to types. Many programs were broadly defined to apply to multiple situations and do not fit within a single discrete cell. For example, a program designed as a forgivable loan during the application process, but if performance objectives are met, the loan is forgiven, which makes the instrument look more like a grant. In another case, a federal program such as the 45G railroad tax credit program for railroad tie replacement would not be considered as either a loan or a grant; instead, it is a tax abatement. In states such as Pennsylvania and Virginia where multimodal funding l programs are available, rail is an eligible project but these programs are not specified as "rail" programs. It became apparent that a more flexible classification system, which would allow for more clustered groupings by program objective, might be more useful. Typology is a term often used interchangeably with taxonomy, but is more general in identifying groups, and allows for the overlap of characteristics. Typology is defined as a taxonomy‐like classification of characteristics commonly found, according to their association with different categories. In an example of urban architecture, categories might include intensity of development (from natural or rural to highly urban) Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... 16 details to large systems) . A taxonomy was designed to organize rail programs with elements of a typology to accommodate multifaceted programs found. Figure 2 Figure 2 NCRRP ‐07‐03 Taxonomy Research Objective Eligibility Type Jurisdiction Type Instrument Jurisdiction Type Mode Jurisdiction Type Authority (Recipient) Read the entire page →

From page 10...

... 13 What is a taxonomy? The Transportation Research Board's (TRB)

Read the entire page →

From page 11...

... multi‐trun not lend i AE transp located on was repre Intelligen A Taxono informatio This taxon multiple i linear coll grouped i The Phila The Found comprehe promising initial face support st based typ NASA Mo The fourt architectu tertiary el relationsh Outreach The secon identify se lined up f indicated branch. k, modes spe tself to the p ortation mod the C branc sented. It wa TRB T t Transporta my of Intellig n managem omy illustrat nformation m ection of app n a typical tre nthropy Clas ation Cente nsive databa because the ts which incl rategies. A s es and includ del for Non‐M h model revie res. This mo ements. For ips. Survey d sub‐task in archable crit avorably with highlighted t cific structu ublication da e branch fro h within the s determined ransportatio Figu tion Systems ent Transpor ent spanning es multimod anagement lications whi e structure. s System r, a leading so se featuring philanthropi ude: transact ixth facet inc es multiple s ilitary Spac wed (Appen del is unique example, org cluded a surv eria for fede the philanth hat multiface re of passeng tabase struct m an operati Thesaurus Ta that this str n Thesaurus: re 1 TRB Transp Application tation System safety, trans al transporta objectives. Th ch include su urce of infor global grant c class system ion types, or ludes geogra econdary rel e Systems dix 2) , is a NA in that there anizations, fu ey, covered ral and state ropy class sy ted program er and freigh ure. In Figure on perspectiv xonomy, no ucture was n Taxonomy o ortation Thesau s s Application it, intermoda tion systems is taxonomy b‐categories mation abou makers and t grouped gr ganization ty phy. This cla ationships. SA framewo are multiple nctions and in the previo passenger an stem cluster s might be co t, and, state 1 both pass e. Managem facet contain ot suitable fo f Transporta rus Taxonomy s (Appendix l freight and operating ty is a non‐trad . The facets o t worldwide heir program ant program pes, populat ssification sys rk for modeli connections components us chapter. R d freight rail representati ntained in m and federal p enger and fre ent and Org ed "program r the NCRRP tion Researc 2)

Read the entire page →

From page 12...

... 15 Outreach Workshop The workshop outreach effort (Appendix 2) further explores user interest in the development of a taxonomy for rail programs. A group of 23 freight and passenger rail experts was assembled at the Transportation Research Board 2014 Annual Meeting, the concept of taxonomy was introduced and the group brainstormed elements to include in the hierarchy. The suggestions were captured and compared to other transportation taxonomies in an effort to develop consistency. The workshop participants brainstormed elements of a passenger and freight, state and federal rail programs to be included in the taxonomy. The group recommended that programs should be organized by the sub‐categories:  Population Types ‐ Identification of who is eligible for the program, i.e. public or private sector organization eligibility.  Authority –identification of authority or program provider. Typically federal, state, public or private sources of revenue.  Transaction Type – Financial instrument available such as loans, forgivable loans, grants or appropriations.  Subject Type‐ Identification of what types of projects objectives are eligible within programs in this category such as safety or economic development.  Geography –Identification of where programs are in use. Armed with examples from the literature review and the input from key stakeholders the team attempted to design a discrete taxonomy for rail programs. It quickly became apparent that the project required multiple stems as identified in the TRB Thesaurus. Funding was classified under Organization and Finance. Passenger and Freight programs were classified under Transportation. A second classification concern arose as programs were assigned to types. Many programs were broadly defined to apply to multiple situations and do not fit within a single discrete cell. For example, a program designed as a forgivable loan during the application process, but if performance objectives are met, the loan is forgiven, which makes the instrument look more like a grant. In another case, a federal program such as the 45G railroad tax credit program for railroad tie replacement would not be considered as either a loan or a grant; instead, it is a tax abatement. In states such as Pennsylvania and Virginia where multimodal funding l programs are available, rail is an eligible project but these programs are not specified as "rail" programs. It became apparent that a more flexible classification system, which would allow for more clustered groupings by program objective, might be more useful. Typology is a term often used interchangeably with taxonomy, but is more general in identifying groups, and allows for the overlap of characteristics. Typology is defined as a taxonomy‐like classification of characteristics commonly found, according to their association with different categories. In an example of urban architecture, categories might include intensity of development (from natural or rural to highly urban)

Read the entire page →

From page 13...

... 16 details to large systems) . A taxonomy was designed to organize rail programs with elements of a typology to accommodate multifaceted programs found. Figure 2 Figure 2 NCRRP ‐07‐03 Taxonomy Research Objective Eligibility Type Jurisdiction Type Instrument Jurisdiction Type Mode Jurisdiction Type Authority (Recipient)

Read the entire page →

Key Terms

← Previous Chapter Skim

Next Chapter Skim →

This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.