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Do the SBE Sciences Advance NSF's Mission? Prosperity and Welfare
Pages 13-15

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From page 13... ... and related investments that allow individuals to save through tax deferred pension plans, employers found that surprisingly few of their eligible employees (only 30%) signed up, opted in, to put any of their salary into those plans, even when their employers matched funds.55 A dramatic increase -- to 90 percent -- occurred as a result of a simple change: automati cally enrolling workers and then allowing them to opt out rather than requiring them to opt in.56 Although this change may seem obvious in hindsight, it was informed by research on how people make decisions, process complex information, and think about the future.57 Since the initial experi ments that demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach, many major investment companies that offer retirement plans have adopted it. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... Newborns exposed to English only during their mothers' pregnancies attended more to English sounds than the sounds of the unfamiliar language, while newborns who had been exposed to both languages while in the womb attended to both equally.71 Over the first year of life, infants become increasingly able to discriminate speech sounds, rhythms, and patterns and to use these early building blocks in their later language development. In addition, adults and children who are competent in two languag es may have some cognitive advantages relative to those who only speak one language, such as great er cognitive flexibility, greater ability to regulate behavior, and less cognitive decline at older ages.72 14 The Value of Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences to National Priorities R03191 Value SBE Sciences.indd 14 6/29/17 12:19 PM Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... that preschool children could wait for a reward, the higher were their later SAT scores, the better their emotional coping in adolescence, the higher their educational achievement as adults, the lower their rates of substance abuse, and the higher their sense of self-worth.75 SBE research also uncovered a set of techniques that can help children delay gratification and control their impulses. These techniques can be taught: when children learned these skills, their long-term outcomes as adolescents and adults were the same as those children who had initially been able to delay gratification.76 The Value of Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences to National Priorities 15 R03191 Value SBE Sciences.indd 15 6/29/17 12:19 PM Read the entire page →

From page 13...

... and related investments that allow individuals to save through tax deferred pension plans, employers found that surprisingly few of their eligible employees (only 30%) signed up, opted in, to put any of their salary into those plans, even when their employers matched funds.55 A dramatic increase -- to 90 percent -- occurred as a result of a simple change: automati cally enrolling workers and then allowing them to opt out rather than requiring them to opt in.56 Although this change may seem obvious in hindsight, it was informed by research on how people make decisions, process complex information, and think about the future.57 Since the initial experi ments that demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach, many major investment companies that offer retirement plans have adopted it.

Read the entire page →

From page 14...

... Newborns exposed to English only during their mothers' pregnancies attended more to English sounds than the sounds of the unfamiliar language, while newborns who had been exposed to both languages while in the womb attended to both equally.71 Over the first year of life, infants become increasingly able to discriminate speech sounds, rhythms, and patterns and to use these early building blocks in their later language development. In addition, adults and children who are competent in two languag es may have some cognitive advantages relative to those who only speak one language, such as great er cognitive flexibility, greater ability to regulate behavior, and less cognitive decline at older ages.72 14 The Value of Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences to National Priorities R03191 Value SBE Sciences.indd 14 6/29/17 12:19 PM

Read the entire page →

From page 15...

... that preschool children could wait for a reward, the higher were their later SAT scores, the better their emotional coping in adolescence, the higher their educational achievement as adults, the lower their rates of substance abuse, and the higher their sense of self-worth.75 SBE research also uncovered a set of techniques that can help children delay gratification and control their impulses. These techniques can be taught: when children learned these skills, their long-term outcomes as adolescents and adults were the same as those children who had initially been able to delay gratification.76 The Value of Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences to National Priorities 15 R03191 Value SBE Sciences.indd 15 6/29/17 12:19 PM

Read the entire page →

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Do the SBE Sciences Advance NSF's Mission? Prosperity and Welfare Pages 13-15

Do the SBE Sciences Advance NSF's Mission? Prosperity and Welfare
Pages 13-15