Understanding and Predicting the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current Critical Gaps and Recommendations (2018) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
2 Setting the Stage
2 Setting the Stage
Pages 19-36
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are assimilated in near real time into models. Nevertheless, today, there is virtually no complementary near-real-time or long-term water column measurement set.
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, plus the mean dynamic topography MDT_CNES-CLS13. Further analyses include subtracting the domain average and estimating surface geostrophic currents from the sea level gradient similar to that in Liu, Y., R.H., Weisberg, S
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Approximately 2 years of current data on Mexico's Campeche Shelf are publicly available through BOEM's 2009–2011 Loop Current Dynamics Experiment; the initial analysis on the variability of the LC along the Campeche Shelf break is described by Sheinbaum et al.
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For example, the Navy Global Ocean Forecast System model uses the Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS, an operational submodel that combines surface information with deep climatology) to synthetically extend the altimetric topography down into the water column.
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altimeter, has been proposed that will, when/if flown, provide a higher spatial resolution of the ocean surface topography than what was previously available. SWOT will provide high and unique resolution observations along its swaths (with an effective wavelength resolution of 15 kilometers as stated in the mission science requirement document)
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Courtesy of NOAA National Data Buoy Center. about 150 of them reporting hourly data to the IOOS HF radar data assembly center (DAC)
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At present, however, the national HF radar DAC does not serve the radial data maps that go into the total vector maps. If the national HF radar DAC were to serve both radial and total vector current data, it would benefit HF radar assimilation nationwide.
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HMI has deployed more than 4,300 Far Horizon Drifters in the Gulf and drogued at approximately 45 meters below the sea surface over the past 33 years as a part of their EddyWatch™ program for daily monitoring, analysis, and forecasting of ocean currents. The CARTHE Consortium was established in response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill with the goal of guiding risk management and response efforts in the event of an oil spill.
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. Water Column Observations Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP)
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. PIES arrays, along with moored current meters, have been used in the Gulf (and in other field studies in other locations)
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. The 2009–2011 array of PIES, plus separate current meters, was focused on the region where the LC was likely to form a narrow neck from which an LCE would likely separate.
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Underwater gliders are a proven adaptive sampling platform for sustained collection of near-real-time subsurface profile data for the upper 1,000 meters in both deep water and coastal areas of the Gulf. Underwater glider capabilities are rapidly expanding, including operations in very shallow (10 meters or less)
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operational envelope of these platforms. New sensors are constantly being integrated into glider platforms, including the Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry sensor mandated to be deployed in response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
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. Surface Vessels Surface vessels operated by a wide range of government, academic, industry, commercial and recreational fishing, diving, and private individuals are active in the Gulf.
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Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) ASVs provide an adaptive sampling surface platform for sustained data coverage across the air–sea interface or as a communication gateway between satellites and subsurface instrumentation.
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The mooring line is serviced every 6 months, and data are made publicly available through NOAA's NDBC and Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System. The idea of transforming regulatory moorings and potentially other oil and gas assets into scientific platforms could offer new opportunities to build observing capacity on the shelf and deep Gulf and obtain water column data (among other observations)
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(2012) evaluated several different community ocean models' performances at LC eddy shedding prediction using various prediction skill assessment methods in the report of the Gulf 3-D Operational Ocean Forecast System Pilot Prediction Project (GOMEX-PPP)
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. Recent advancements in ocean variation and ensemble data assimilation methods, uncertainty prediction, and adaptive sampling with autonomous observation systems are expected to significantly improve model performance (see section on Data Assimilation and Numerical Modeling in Chapter 3)
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