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Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation Proceedings of a Workshop (2018) / Chapter Skim
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6 Cerebrospinal Fluid and Other Fluid Biomarkers: Current Initiatives and Opportunities
Pages 45-50

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From page 45...
... . • Because of small sample sizes, insufficient validation of assays, and lack of standardization, there remains no consensus in the literature regarding CSF and plasma biomarkers of neuroinflammation (Campbell)
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From page 46...
... Once people develop amyloid plaques, anti-inflammatory markers are seen in both the CSF and plasma along with markers of low adiposity and low insulin signaling. Among those who are likely to develop dementia in the next 3 to 4 years, Perrin said there is a robust neuroinflammatory signal, especially in the CSF, as well as evidence of vasculopathy that may be related to blood‒brain barrier (BBB)
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From page 47...
... More recently, other consortia have also emerged to build on ADNI's efforts to standardize and validate assays. Campbell and Edward Bullmore described two other consortia established over the past 5 years specifically to identify inflammatory biomarkers for CNS diseases: the Wellcome Trust Consortium for Neuroimmunology of Mood Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease, and the FNIH Biomarkers Consortium's project on Inflammatory Markers for Early Detection and Subtyping of Neurodegenerative and Mood Disorders.
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From page 48...
... -based technologies, as well as tryptophan and kynurenine metabolites, which are effector molecules for the immune system that will be assessed using mass spectrometry assays, said Campbell. He said the Consortium hopes to identify a panel of inflammatory biomarkers -- a biosignature -- that has sufficient power to be used at the individual patient level for diagnosis, subtyping, and monitoring disease progression or response to therapy.
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From page 49...
... McCarroll's lab has also developed a novel technology to enable high-throughput, single-cell analyses of gene expression to study circuitry change during critical periods of development. This technology, called "Drop-seq," isolates individual cells in millions of tiny droplets, uses beads to deliver different molecular barcodes to each droplet, and then analyzes the messenger RNA (mRNA)
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From page 50...
... McCarroll's lab has been using Drop-seq to identify biomarkers of developmental critical periods -- the time in development when the synaptic circuitry is changing very quickly -- in both neurons and glia. Because many of these mRNAs encode secreted proteins that can be detected in CSF, McCarroll believes the Drop-seq data nominate new CSF biomarkers and aid in the interpretation of CSF biomarker data, making it possible to identify which cells are the source of a particular biomarker and what distinguishes cells that express that biomarker from cells that do not.
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Key Terms

  • brain tissue
  • biomarker discovery
  • plasma biomarkers
  • amyloid status
  • assessed using

  • discovery program
  • develop dementia
  • fnih biomarkers
  • novel technology
  • molecular markers

  • identify genetic
  • neuroimaging initiative
  • messenger rna
  • effector molecules
  • engulf synapses

  • asma biomarke
  • isolates individual
  • biomarkers consortium
  • insulin signaling
  • studies indicated

  • polygenic illness
  • influence appears
  • monitoring disease
  • csf correlate
  • colleague michael

  • distinguishes cells
  • undergo maturation
  • consortium hopes
  • rna expression
  • ers provide


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