The 2014 Redesign of the Survey of Income and Program Participation An Assessment (2018) / Chapter Skim
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6 Adequacy of the Content of the 2014 SIPP
6 Adequacy of the Content of the 2014 SIPP
Pages 83-106
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From page 83... ...
The chapter provides (a) an overview of the content of prior SIPP panels, (b)
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From page 84... ...
BOX 6-1 Core Sections of the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation Relationships Household Characteristics Family Characteristics Demographics Labor Force Participation Job Characteristics Employment Income Business Income Asset Income Program Participation Program Income Retirement Income Disability Income Asset Income Health Insurance Coverage SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau (n.d.-a)
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From page 85... ...
government securities, municipal or corporate bonds, stocks, margin accounts, rent, royal ties, and other nonretirement financial investments; • Program income -- state and supplemental unemployment benefits, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) , foster child care payments, federal and state Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
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From page 86... ...
Assets and Liabilities 3, 6, 9 3, 6 4, 7, 10 Dependent Care 3, 6, 9 3, 6 4, 7, 10 Child Support Paid 3, 6, 9 3, 6 4, 7, 10 Work-Related Expenses 3, 6, 9 3, 6 4, 7, 10 Child Well-Being 7 3, 8 4, 10 Income/Retirement Accounts 4, 7 4, 7 5, 8 Taxes 4, 7 4, 7 5, 8 Child Care 4 4, 8 5, 8 Work Schedule 4 4 5, 8 Adult Well-Being 8 5 6 Support for Others 5 5 6 Disability -- Adults, Children 5 5 6 Employer Health Benefits 5 5 6 Child Support Agreements 5, 8 5 6* Informal Caregiving 7 7 9 Health Insurance Coverage 4, 7, 10 Medical Expenses/Utilization 3, 6 3, 6 4, 7, 10 Education/Professional Certifications 13*
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From page 87... ...
CONTENT-RELATED REENGINEERING CHALLENGES Converting SIPP's core survey and interspersed TMs to an annual survey was quite a challenge.1 It also presented a tremendous opportunity to streamline, innovate, and improve the data collected and thus advance the study of short-term dynamics of program participation and income. Questions from the prior SIPP panels could be kept, expanded upon, or dropped.
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From page 88... ...
A supplement sponsored by the SSA was fielded in 2014; it collected information on the economic and social situation of people with disabilities and people in or approaching retirement. This is the only supplement to the reengineered SIPP that has been fielded within the time frame of this report.4 The SSA supplement drew content from several TMs, including the Work Disability, Marital History, Retirement Expectations and Pension Plan Coverage, Annual Income and Retirement Accounts, Functional Limitations and Disability–Adults, and Functional Limitations and Disability–Children TMs.
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From page 89... ...
Other retirement income (spells) Child support paid (ref.
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From page 90... ...
DELINEATING MAJOR CONTENT CHANGES Creating a variable-by-variable crosswalk between the prior SIPP p anels and the 2014 panel is a difficult task, but such a crosswalk has been promised by the Census Bureau to aid data users. A crosswalk was not available for the study panel's work, but a partial crosswalk is now available in the SIPP 2014 Panel Users' Guide (U.S.
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From page 91... ...
(In the core survey of prior SIPP panels, up to five changes could be recorded over the course of a year: one change with each of the three interviews and two changes between the three interviews.) SNAP, TANF, WIC, SSI, General Assistance, and Other Welfare Assistance Respondents can report up to three spells for SNAP, TANF, WIC, SSI, General Assistance, and other welfare.5,6 In addition, there is a continuation flag provided that indicates whether SNAP (1)
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From page 92... ...
Retirement Income from Life Insurance Life insurance is now collected as an annual amount with no information about the dates of receipt. Lump Sum Severance Pay/Retirement Plan Income Respondents continue to be asked about the receipt of lump sum severance pay and retirement income payments, but now they are also asked about the receipt of lump sum severance pay and retirement income that has been rolled into other retirement plans.
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From page 93... ...
Tax Data Dependent status of persons between ages 15 and 25 is now collected. However, detailed tax return information -- previously collected in a TM -- is no longer collected (including the number of exemptions, gross income reported, net tax liability, tax deductions, Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
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From page 94... ...
Child care payment information is collected based on all arrangements used for all children. In prior SIPP panels, child care payment information was collected by the type of child care arrangement.
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From page 95... ...
. Health Insurance In prior SIPP panels, whether respondents had health insurance coverage and type of coverage were the only health insurance questions asked on a monthly basis (via the core survey)
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From page 96... ...
Determinants of Income and Program Participation Household and Family Relations The relationship of everyone to everyone else, including persons who lived in the household during the reference period but were no longer residing in the household at the time of the interview ("Type 2" persons) , is now generated for each month of the reference period rather than just once -- in the wave 2 Household Relationships TM.
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From page 97... ...
Three questions from the Child Disability TM are included as well; these address limitations in playing with other children of the same age, doing regular school work, and doing ordinary activities. The SSA Supplement included all questions from the Adult Disability and Child Disability TMs, with some minor revisions.
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From page 98... ...
Under the old design, for any wave after the first, persons who were present for at least part of the reference period but not the interview would have been subject to full data collection for the months that they were present -- again, by proxy if possible or imputed if not. The goal was to have complete data for everyone who shared a household with a SIPP panel member for the months that they were present.
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From page 99... ...
In prior SIPP panels, cross-sectional weights in waves after the first were adjusted whenever new persons entered SIPP households -- including situations in which panel members left their original households to form new households with other persons. The weighting adjustments -- based on the concept of multiplicity weighting -- ensured that when household and family weights were assigned (equaling the weights of household and family reference persons)
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From page 100... ...
The Census Bureau's decision to assign no household or family weights to the 2014 panel reflects an appreciation of the underlying problem created by the treatment of Type 2 persons, but this approach will present challenges to users wishing to conduct analyses at the household and family levels. 8 With multiplicity weighting, the adjustment is not proportionate to the change in households at the level of the individual sample household but over the whole sample.
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From page 101... ...
Loss of Variables That Are No Longer Collected The SSA found that the redesigned questionnaire did not contain all of the variables that it needed in support of ongoing SSA programs. These variables used data from the previous TMs for Work Disability, Marital History, Retirement Expectations and Pension Plan Coverage, Annual Income and Retirement Accounts, Functional Limitations and DisabilityAdults, and Functional Limitations and Disability-Children.
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From page 102... ...
The improved relationship data in the redesigned SIPP are expected to enhance the simulation of SNAP units, but the elimination of questions on the sharing of food expenses will weaken the unit simulations. Wemmerus and colleagues noted that the redesigned SIPP contains indicators of shared ownership, payment of expenses, program coverage, and shared resources that could collectively provide a proxy for the missing information.10 The limited data collected on Type 2 persons could make it difficult to determine their most appropriate unit assignment, although the fraction of households that include such persons is small.
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From page 103... ...
These enhancements include the collection of dependent care expenses; more extensive measures of functional disability; the resumption of collection of monthly income data for several sources that had been relegated to less frequent collection with imputation of intervening months; and improved valuation of vehicles, which constitute an important asset in determining SNAP eligibility in states that continue to apply a resource test. At the same time, several variables used in the simulation model have been eliminated from the redesigned SIPP.11 These include • Amounts received in energy, educational, transportation, short term case, or private housing assistance; other welfare; WIC; and other miscellaneous income sources; • Reason for not starting a job, missed weeks of work, and weeks not worked due to health issues; • Reasons for applying for or stopping other welfare; • Reasons for government pension receipt; • Reasons for receipt of workers' compensation or employer disabil ity payments; • Share of rental property held with another party; • For participants in training programs, source of sponsorship; and • Whether and in what year immigration status changed to lawful permanent resident.
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From page 104... ...
The most significant contraction of SIPP content may be in the collection of tax information. The 2014 SIPP protocols did not ask respondents to refer to their federal tax returns for amounts reported.
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From page 105... ...
RECOMMENDATION 6-1: The Census Bureau should reevaluate whether critical content from the Social Security Supplement can be effectively added to the Survey of Income and Program Participation questionnaire. Whether the contents of the 2014 SIPP will adequately address the main objectives of the SIPP program will be revealed in the years to come, as the data are analyzed and findings enter the literature and policy discussions.
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