Impacts of Laws and Regulations on CV and AV Technology Introduction in Transit Operations (2017) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 71-89
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 72... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 72 Laws Protecting Employees Section 13c Requirements of the Federal Transit Act 49 U.S.C.
|
From page 73... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 73 needed to assess the different cost variables of such adjustments. Such a study might consider the hypothetical conversion of a medium sized transit agency (as defined by APTA)
|
From page 74... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 74 projects, FTA Circular C.4702.1B 46 was last updated in 2012 and it serves to protect people from discrimination in transit programs receiving federal financial assistance. The Federal Transit Administration's Office of Civil Rights monitors FTA grant recipients' Title VI internal programs to ensure their compliance with the federal law.
|
From page 75... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 75 Americans with Disabilities Act – FTA Regulations The ADA first became law in 1990, and today its public transit application is administered by the Civil Rights Department of FTA49. There are multiple components of the federal law defining aspects of ADA requirements for public transit agencies: • CFA 49 – Transportation, including Part 37 Transportation Services for Individuals with Disabilities, and • Part 38 Accessibility Specifications for Transportation Vehicles.
|
From page 76... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 76 floor height above the boarding surface where the passengers stand, creating conditions where a step up is typically required to board a vehicle. Vehicle/Platform Edge Gap – FTA's specific requirements for rail mass transit systems stipulate that level platform boarding with a maximum 3-inch gap be provided between the platform edge and the vehicle door threshold at all stations, including a maximum 5/8-inch vertical height difference.
|
From page 77... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 77 plant on U.S. soil, as well as meeting the required percentage of the subsystem equipment from American sources.
|
From page 78... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 78 Aviation Administration (FAA)
|
From page 79... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 79 NHTSA Vehicle Safety Regulations Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards As discussed previously, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration establishes and maintains safety standards known as the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations for the automobile industry in the United States. NHTSA has not yet announced how and if these traditional safety requirements and tests will be expanded to include safety tests specific to what the 2016 USDOT/NHTSA Policy Statement identified as "highly automated vehicle" (HAV)
|
From page 80... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 80 The special environments and enhanced monitoring and crash avoidance features of AV transit vehicles should be given special consideration in order to allow the near-term deployment of AV transit technology in special environments – a step important to advancing R&D initiatives. The following questions illustrate some of the key issues that may need to be addressed: 1.
|
From page 81... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 81 Because of the major need and the lack of commitment from AV manufacturers, US legislators are attempting to pass legislation to establish federal standards for security and privacy for AVs. The act, entitled "The Security and Privacy in Your Car Act" prescribes vehicle manufacturers to detect, report, and stop hacks that interfere with personal data or vehicle control.53 The legislation addresses the types of data including location, speed, owner, and passengers and the location of the data – onboard, in transit from vehicle to another location, and off-board data storage.
|
From page 82... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 82 NHTSA's Federal AV Policy addresses data recording and sharing55. The policy recommends collecting data for testing and for crash events.
|
From page 83... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 83 are specifically dedicated based on specific industries or specific states (Arizona, Alaska, etc.)
|
From page 84... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 84 Governmental Policy Considerations The overall policy considerations on L3, L4 and L5 automated roadway vehicle operations which governmental bodies are beginning to address around the world will have major implications for the long-term future of our multimodal transportation systems. There are diverging views on how AV technology will transform and impact both our transportation system and the urban centers of population in which the clear majority of people now live.
|
From page 85... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 85 OSHA Workplace Safety regulations are primarily applicable to industrial workplace protection, and the entry of robotic machines into the manufacturing industry over the past few decades has been a topic addressed by OSHA in the way of guidelines more than regulations. However, the sudden insertion of robotic machines which move within relatively uncontrolled and relative unprotected environments of transit operations and maintenance facilities (when compared to manufacturing plant assembly lines and factories)
|
From page 86... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 86 careful coordination by FTA over the near to medium term for AV transit systems to have operational safety that equals that of automated fixed guideway transit systems. NHTSA Regulations – The Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards comprise the regulatory law that governs the federal government's oversight and control of the automotive industry and the automobile products that are sold in the United States.
|
From page 87... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 87 transit operating agency (i.e., "typical" local transit agency) could be studied with the objective of withdrawing from all Federal funding support and operational subsidies.
|
From page 88... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 88 8. Boarding Requirements and Possible ADA Exceptions – An assessment of ADA requirements and the apparent required changes to vehicle designs would be beneficial as a means to provide equivalent accommodations and safety as human-operated transit vehicles, using features such as precision docking at level-platform station berths.
|
From page 89... ...
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 89 and dedicated transitways. The study could also assess the design impacts and deployment hindrances of the alternate approach in which full compliance with FMVSS for any L4 vehicle is mandated, no matter what the operating speed or environment – including those vehicles with non-conventional designs and specifically intended to operate within an L4 AV transit system in a semi-protected operating environment.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.