Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 92-123
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From page 92... ...
92 PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals A P P E N D I X
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From page 93... ...
PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 93 Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals Guidance for Transportation Agencies The purpose of this briefing is to provide content for communicating enterprise information portal concepts & considerations with executives and stakeholders to support a conversation that shifts DOT practices to a sustainable, customer-centric service. The organization of this briefing mirrors the guidance document loosely, offering definitions and examples.
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94 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals • What is an Enterprise Information Portal (EIP)
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PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 95 • EIPs integrate management information systems, decision support systems, enterprise information systems, and other technologies. • EIPs are tailored or personalized to the intended user or groups of users.
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96 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals Common Services Offered by DOT EIPs, part 2 of 2 DOT EIP noitpircseDsecivreS 6. IT Services Services and topics relevant to portal hardware, software, on premise infrastructure, cloud services, and networking.
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From page 97... ...
PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 97 What is Sustainability in the Context of EIPs? It's not just about continuity of funding, making EIPs sustainable requires focus on: • Technologies, • Policies, • Procedures, and • Governance.
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98 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals Why Cloud • Shifts the risk of IT infrastructure obsolescence to the cloud provider • Enables a scalable, flexible, and on demand set of IT capabilities • Reduces IT infrastructure operation and maintenance time • Lower cost profile Why a Mix of On Premise & Cloud IT Infrastructure? Why On Premise • To meet government regulations for storing sensitive data • Need for unique/advanced security beyond cloud offerings • Visibility of data "residency" • Bandwidth constraining accessibility at the last mile • More direct control over latency What is a Distributed Software Architecture?
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From page 99... ...
PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 99 Achieving Sustainable EIPs Brief Introduction to the Microservice Architecture Pattern An SOA variation, microservice architecture is an approach to developing a single application as a suite of small services. Each service: • Runs its own processes • Can be written in any programming language and is platform agnostic • Is independently deployable and replaceable • May use different storage technologies • Requires a minimum of centralized management Large companies, such as Amazon, eBay, and Netflix, have already adopted microservice architecture as their main architecture.
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100 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals Visual Interpretation of Architecture Patterns Traditional Monolithic Architecture Pattern Microservice Architecture Pattern "Monoliths and microservices are not a simple binary choice. Both are fuzzy definitions that mean many systems would lie in a blurred boundary area among the two" -Martin Fowler Martinfowler.com Microservice Architecture Advantages • Greater efficiencies as they are typically paired with auto-scalers and load balancers • Easily scalable in three ways: – by decomposition into simple functions (microservices)
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From page 101... ...
PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 101 Microservice Implementation Example of a DOT EIP on Cloud Infrastructure IT teams shift from actively managing hardware and software to managing service layers in the microservice environment Shifting to microservices architecture means • Reducing code complexity while increasing operational complexity • Distributing data across multiple processes while ensuring data consistency across processes • Simplifying individual services while raising the complexity of coordinating many services Tradeoffs in Adopting a Microservice Architecture Microservice Premium Microservices impose a cost on productivity that can only be made up for in more complex systems.
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From page 102... ...
102 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals When Adopting a Microservice Architecture • Design for failure – applications must be designed and developed to tolerate the failures of other services or applications. • Single lifecycle ownership of the product – "You build it, you run it," is the motto rather than the traditional practice of a software development team handing off a service to an IT operations team.
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From page 103... ...
PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 103 • Organize teams around business capabilities not technology layer – cross functional teams by business capability are requisite – traditional technology layer based teams (e.g., a database applications team or a user interface team) means extensive cross-team collaboration and costly delays Change in EIP Practices, part 3 of 3 • Move beyond Continuous Integration to Continuous Delivery – Maintain tight integration requirements within the microservice while easing external integration requirements – Continuous Delivery means development teams build software so that the software can be released to production at any time and by anyone on the team When Adopting a Microservice Architecture Example of a Basic Automated Build Pipeline that Supports Continuous Integration Software changes should be monitored to identify and refine how an application should be decomposed into services • Parts of the system that rarely change should be in a different service, or module, than those that often change • If two services need to be changed together repeatedly, they should be merged into a single module Decomposition of Services for Fast, Frequent, and Well Controlled Continuous Delivery The decomposition of applications into services needs to be based on the notion that services can be independently replaced and upgraded without affecting the other application services with which they interact
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From page 104... ...
104 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals Designing for Sustainable EIPs Requirements Operating Environment Technology Recommendations • Functional requirements – Define the functions, or business needs, of a system or components as seen by a system user. • Performance requirements – Specifies speed or operational effectiveness of the capability that must be delivered.
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From page 105... ...
PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 105 Examples of High-Level DOT EIP functional requirements include * : • Shall contain a data ingestion service • Shall contain a data visualization service • Shall contain a search service • Shall contain a librarian user interface • Shall contain a vendor procurement user interface • Shall contain a DOT map user interface *
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106 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals Examples of High-Level DOT EIP design requirements include * : • Shall use a distributed tracking and logging service • Shall use a centralized logging • Services shall adjust to demand spikes automatically • Shall follow a microservice architecture pattern • Shall use API standards to design and operate its API gateway *
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PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 107 Examples* of High-Level DOT EIP resource requirements include: • Shall be implemented on a commodity cluster infrastructure (cloud like)
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108 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals Technology Recommendations for EIPs Technology Recommendations for Services The table lists recommended approaches for the components needed to develop sustainable DOT EIPs based on a microservice architecture.
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PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 109 Technology Recommendations for User Interfaces The table lists recommended approaches for user interfaces to develop sustainable DOT EIPs based on a microservice architecture.
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110 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals EIP Component Recommended Approach GIS Database Services Adopt a cloud or on premise NoSQL geo capable database. Document Database Services Adopt an Open Source distributed document analysis engine.
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PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 111 Technology Recommendations for Security and Identity The table lists recommended security & identity approaches to develop sustainable DOT EIPs based on a microservice architecture.
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112 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals • UML is a way to visualize user interactions, processes, and system structure for software engineering using a collection of diagrams • Systems modeling language (SysML) is tailored from UML for systems.
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PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 113 Block Definition Diagram (BDD) for Asset Mgmt.
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114 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals Asset Management Services Activity Diagram • Activity diagrams are designed to represent workflows of stepwise activities and actions that support choice, iteration, and concurrency. • They are intended to model both computational and organizational processes and show the overall flow of control.
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From page 115... ...
PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 115 Focus on Migration Strategies From a Monolithic to a Microservices Architecture • The process of transforming a monolithic EIP into a series of microservices is a modernization effort for both the application and its governance. • This migration is a perfect fit for incremental refactoring.
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From page 116... ...
116 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals • Monolithic applications often consist of hundreds of modules • Determine which modules to extract first. Choose modules that are – Easy to extract – change frequently – have significantly different resource requirements compared to other modules – Do not share resource requirements – implement computationally expensive algorithms.
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PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 117 Illustration of Monolithic Module Refactoring Microservice Success Strategies to overcome the nontechnical hurdles
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From page 118... ...
118 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals • DOT Agencies vary considerably in their program area priorities, organizational structure, and culture with respect to IT and innovation. • The following sections address strategies to overcome the non-technical hurdles including • Stakeholder buy-in • Changing governance • Developing the workforce • Simplifying procurement • Addressing legal challenges Migration to Microservices is Transformational Making DOT EIPs sustainable will require transformations in equipment, facilities, staff, processes, procedures, organization, and culture.
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From page 119... ...
PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 119 There is frustration when governing principles are not consistently implemented and enforced throughout the organization • With sustainable EIPs, governance focus shifts away from managing hardware and software resources to managing user access to data and protecting data from unauthorized access. • The key is to establish and practice consistent but flexible governance principles.
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From page 120... ...
120 Guidance for Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals • Establish a common understanding of IT procurement needs • Identify procurement and purchasing issues that may require new ways of doing business Strategy: Focus on Stakeholder Buy-in Establish ongoing dialogue and collaboration among IT, HR, Legal, and Financial stakeholders in evolving procurement processes prior to any specific procurement. • Some DOT agencies have a separate procurement group for IT/cloud services procurement or a state-level IT cloud procurement entity.
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PowerPoint Presentation on Development and Management of Sustainable Enterprise Information Portals 121 • Continually educate DOT staff on emerging IT capabilities. • Identify & routinely connect with stakeholders and champions.
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From page 122... ...
Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012)
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TRA N SPO RTATIO N RESEA RCH BO A RD 500 Fifth Street, N W W ashington, D C 20001 A D D RESS SERV ICE REQ U ESTED N O N -PR O FIT O R G .
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