Understanding Pathways to a Paradigm Shift in Toxicity Testing and Decision-Making Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2018) / Chapter Skim
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Understanding Pathways to a Paradigm Shift in Toxicity Testing and Decision-Making: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Understanding Pathways to a Paradigm Shift in Toxicity Testing and Decision-Making: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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Standing Committee for Emerging Science for Environmental Health Decisions held a 2-day workshop to explore key factors that influence how scientists, policy makers, risk assessors, and regulators incorporate new science into their decisions. In the lead up to the workshop, members of the planning committee considered whether regulatory reform was sufficient to encourage the environmental health community to adopt emerging toxicity testing approaches and what other steps may be necessary to support a paradigm shift away from legacy animal testing toward the usage of the novel testing approaches.
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He also mentioned that there is a current opportunity with the changes to TSCA to lead the way in the utilization of new and emerging toxicity data streams. Proof, Presumptions, and Defaults Carl Cranor, University of California, Riverside, used standards of proof, presumptions, and defaults as models for how evidence may be used in decision-making and explored how these models can be used in the environmental health field.
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to address the relative toxicity of related chlorinated and brominated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofurans, and planar biphenyls.4 Cranor indicated that this methodology appeared promising for addressing chemicals with little or no available toxicity data. In the discussion that ensued, Rick Becker from the American Chemistry Council reminded participants that decision-makers need to take into account exposure as well as toxicity, along with considering endogenous levels (e.g., formaldehyde)
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reference chemicals. He explained that in 2015 EPA acknowledged a link between AUC value and bioactivity, showing that high throughput screening data could be used to identify substances with potential estrogen receptor bioactivity.6 Barone suggested that the use of computational tools and models serves to rapidly screen chemicals for endocrine bioactivity, contributes to the weight of evidence screening level determination of a chemical's potential bioactivity, provides alternative data for specific endpoints in the EDSP Tier 1 battery, and screens thousands of chemicals in a short period of time.
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Current ICCVAM projects include addressing acute toxicity, skin sensitization, ocular and dermal irritation, reference chemicals, development and reproductive toxicology, in vitro to in vivo extrapolation, and read-across assessments of toxicity. European Union Maurice Whelan from the European Commission Joint Research Centre detailed for the workshop participants the related activities going on in Europe.
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Water Monitoring The water monitoring breakout groups explored how the new toxicology data streams contribute to environmental and public health decisions concerning various types of water (e.g., industrial wastewater discharges, WWTP effluents, river water, recycled water, or drinking water for public supplies)
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Consensus decision-making, while ideal, cannot be achieved without good relationships or without careful deliberations. Planning Committee on Understanding Pathways to a Paradigm Shift in Toxicity Testing and DecisionMaking: Stanley Barone, Environmental Protection Agency; John Bucher, National Toxicology Program/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Kevin Elliott, Michigan State University; Kristi Pullen Fedinick, National Resources Defense Council; Gary Ginsberg, Connecticut Department of Public Health; Patrick McMullen, ScitoVation; Jennifer McPartland, Environmental Defense Fund; Heather Patisaul, North Carolina State University; Melissa Perry, The George Washington University; John Vandenberg, Environmental Protection Agency 7
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The statements made are those of the rapporteur or individual meeting participants and do not necessarily represent the views of all meeting participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Reviewers: To ensure that it meets institutional standards for quality and objectivity, this Proceedings of a Workshop -- in Brief was reviewed by Ann Bostrom, University of Washington; Alissa Cordner, Whitman College; Gary Ginsberg, Connecticut Department of Public Health; Samantha Jones, Environmental Protection Agency Sponsor: This workshop was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
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