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From page 1...
... 1 1.1 Background The importance of the filter component of a countermeasure for stream instability or bridge scour should not be underestimated. Filters are essential to the successful long-term performance of countermeasures, especially armoring countermeasures.
From page 2...
... 2 Guidance for Underwater Installation of Filter Systems • Maintenance • Specifications • Quality Control/Quality Assurance 1.2 Approach This guidance document is based on a review of the technical literature that was combined with a survey of practitioners to produce a detailed synthesis of the current state of practice. The supporting research included development of selection criteria in the form of flow charts for granular and geotextile filters in relation to requirements and constraints for underwater placement.
From page 3...
... Introduction and Results 3 6. Practitioners in the United States indicate that underwater inspection of a filter installation is not usually required prior to placing the armor layer on top.

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