A Mechanistic–Empirical Model for Top–Down Cracking of Asphalt Pavements Layers (2018) / Chapter Skim
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E-1 APPENDIX E COLLECTION OF TOP-DOWN CRACKING DATA FOR MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND CALIBRATION Accurate and meaningful data is an essential prerequisite for the development of a reliable top-down cracking model.
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E-2 cement stabilized base. Where the two cracks intersect, a diamond-shaped cracking pattern (frequently called Y-cracking)
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E-3 Table E-2. Identified Thickness of Asphalt Layer with Top-Down Cracking Asphalt Layer Thickness Literature Findings Thick Uhlmeyer et al.
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E-4 b. Thick asphalt layer (greater than 4 inches or 200 mm)
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E-5 Climate In-situ temperature Mid-depth temperature Available for temperature-related models Traffic Axle truck weight ESALs Available for traffic load-related models Florida DOT (Myers 1998; 2002) Observed Distresses Crack width & crack depth Crack severity Available for crackrelated models 44 pavement sections Material & Structural Properties Asphalt surface layer thickness Base type Available for material property model FWD Backcalculated moduli Available for material property model & agingrelated model Climate Mean annual air temperature Thermal stress Available for temperature-related models Traffic Tire-pavement contact stress ESALs in 20 years Load spectrum Available for traffic load-related models Michigan DOT (Svasdisant 2002)
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E-6 Material & Structural Properties Materials Layer thickness Treatment Laboratory testing Available for material property & crack-related models FWD Backcalculated moduli Available for material property model & agingrelated model Climate Maximum & minimum temperature Hourly temperature variation Available for temperature-related models Traffic Average effective structural number ESALs Pavement-tire contact stress Available for traffic load-related models Washington State DOT (Uhlmeyer et al.
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E-7 Table E-5. Number of Pavement Sections Identified from LTPP LTPP Category Pavement Description Number of Sections GPS-1 AC on unbound base 156 GPS-2 AC on bound base 65 GPS-6A Existing AC overlay on AC pavement 4 GPS-6B AC overlay with conventional asphalt cement on AC pavement, no milling 2 SPS-1 Strategic study of structural factors for flexible pavements, new/reconstructed AC pavements 51 Table E-6.
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E-8 Figure E-2. Distribution of Identified Top-Down Cracking Data from LTPP Database
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