Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2018 Symposium (2019) / Chapter Skim
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Immune Theranostics - Evan A. Scott
Immune Theranostics - Evan A. Scott
Pages 87-92
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From page 87... ...
It must continuously maintain the homeo tasis of s its host body within a strict set of physicochemical boundaries while being ever ready to address an equally complex and evolving repertoire of invading pathogens and heterogeneous cancers. Adding to this complexity is the uniqueness of each patient's immune system -- women, men, children, neonates, the elderly, and the diabetic can each have distinct immune responses to the same stimuli.
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From page 88... ...
Materials development for biological implants and in vivo controlled delivery have historically focused on minimizing inflammation. Biomaterials are therefore usually optimized to inhibit the activation of inflammatory immune cell populations in tissues and biological fluids, to decrease toxicity, increase the therapeutic efficacy of delivered agents, and extend the lifetime of implanted devices.
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From page 89... ...
Importantly, different immune cells express different combinations of cytokines, often in amounts proportional to the extent of their exposure to the adjuvant, and this network of activated inflammatory cells and released cytokines forms an emergent system that can be tailored for specific therapeutic applications. By employing targeted NBMs to control and monitor which immune cells are modulated during vaccination, theranostics provides a means to explore this black box to better correlate the input vaccine or immuno odulatory formulation with m the output immune response.
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From page 90... ...
Immuno heranostic nanomedicine may thus revo t lutionize treatments for numerous inflammatory disorders, including cancer and heart disease, by providing power ul new approaches not only for therapeutic f delivery and diagnosis but also for personalized medicine and clinically relevant assessment of therapeutic efficacy. Using viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens as inspiration, biomimetic NBMs can be engineered with physiochemical properties selected to stimulate or suppress specific APC populations while marking them for detection and quantification via multiple diagnostic modalities.
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From page 91... ...
While fluorescence is impractical for clinical applications because of poor tissue penetration, it enables unprecedented quantitative analysis of cellular t argeting in animal models, where organs and cells can be extracted for analysis by flow cytometry. This immunotheranostic strategy significantly enhances the ability to reproducibly elicit immune responses by monitoring which components are modulated at the cellular level during the development of vaccines and immuno herapies (Dowling et al.
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From page 92... ...
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 19:57–84. Yi S, Allen SD, Liu YG, Ouyang BZ, Li X, Augsornworawat P, Thorp EB, Scott EA.
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