Current Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2019) / Chapter Skim
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Current Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Current Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Pages 1-11
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Speaker presentations discussed the importance of understanding the obesity epidemic in a global context and shared perspectives on the implications of obesity as a global problem for prevention and treatment efforts in the United States, with an emphasis on reducing disparities. This Proceedings of a Workshop -- in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions that occurred at the workshop and is not intended to provide a comprehensive summary of information shared during the workshop.1 The information summarized here reflects the knowledge and opinions of individual workshop participants and should not be seen as a consensus of the workshop participants, the Roundtable on Obesity Solutions, or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
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data that indicate a trend of increasing global type 2 diabetes prevalence, mirroring the trend of increasing global obesity prevalence (WHO, 2016a)
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It is important to include the double burden of malnutrition in the conversation about global obesity, said Rachel Nugent, Vice President for Global Noncommunicable Diseases at RTI International. This refers to the simultaneous presence of undernutrition (one or more of stunting, wasting, or micronutrient deficiencies)
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To make progress in implementation, Bull suggested tailored, region-specific tools to help guide countries to develop or update their National Action Plans for Physical Activity; capacity building for multisector collaboration; and a global monitoring framework to monitor and evaluate to hold countries accountable for their progress. Fabio da Silva Gomes, Ministry of Health Senior Officer at the Pan American Health Organization/WHO, shared food and nutrition actions that Latin America and the Caribbean have implemented to support obesity solutions.
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He also highlighted contrasts in the packaging of the same cereal product in Mexico and in Chile, noting stricter front-of-package regulation in Chile. Barquera listed several challenges to obesity prevention efforts in Latin America: presence of the double burden of malnutrition; inequalities in prevalence that are concentrated around socioeconomic status; scarce resources to invest in obesity prevention and in evaluating interventions; and primary health care systems that were created when infectious diseases were the main concern and thus lack training and resources to handle chronic diseases.
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She discussed potential influences on obesity in minority populations of color, describing variables such as race/ethnic category, socioeconomic status, migration stress, language and literacy, cultural assets, and resilience, and their associated contextual factors that might influence weight. Kumanyika described that there are population subgroups, such as migrant and indigenous children, at higher obesity risk (WHO, 2016b)
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After a brief overview of disparities in the prevalence, environments, and policies for physical activity in the United States, he focused on international examples of physical activity initiatives that he said could "inspire and instruct us." He provided examples for each of the four strategic objectives in the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity. To highlight the first objective, to create active societies, Sallis described Ciclovias, which are "open street" practices that close down miles of streets to cars and "let people take over the streets." Ciclovias have become integrated into the culture in parts of Latin America, but are more limited in scope and frequency in the United States, he observed.
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He made a number of observations, remarking on common trends in obesity prevalence worldwide; the health systems that will be challenged by obesity and an ensuing wave of diabetes; changing community infrastructure to promote physical activity in rapidly urbanizing low-income countries; globalization of the food supply as a contributor to the epidemic and the imperative to establish trust with the food industry; and confronting the inequities that drive disparities in obesity prevalence. He also described social norms that lead to obesity being valued or at least "not considered a negative." He challenged participants to consider sustainability in light of the interrelationships of undernutrition, obesity, and climate change.
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2012. Community energy balance: A framework for contextualizing cultural influences on high risk of obesity in ethnic minority populations.
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2018. Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030: More active people for a healthier world.
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Lauren Shern, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine served as the review coordinator. SPONSORS: This workshop was partially supported by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; Alliance for a Healthier Generation; American Academy of Pediatrics; American College of Sports Medicine; American Council on Exercise; American Heart Association; American Society for Nutrition; Bipartisan Policy Center; Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina Foundation; The California Endowment; ChildObesity180/Tufts University; Edelman; General Mills Foundation; Greater Rochester Health Foundation; Health Partners, Inc.; Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation; The JPB Foundation; Kaiser Permanente; The Kresge Foundation; Mars, Inc.; National Recreation and Park Association; Nemours Foundation; Nestlé Nutrition; Nestlé USA; Novo Nordisk; Obesity Action Coalition; The Obesity Society; Partnership for a Healthier America; Reebok, International; Reinvestment Fund; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Salud America!
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