Improving the American Community Survey Proceedings of a Workshop (2019) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
2 Administrative Records, Third-Party Data, and the American Community Survey
2 Administrative Records, Third-Party Data, and the American Community Survey
Pages 7-88
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 7... ...
Census Bureau) noted that "administrative records" refer to the micro-level data records contained in the working files maintained by government agencies that administer programs and provide services.1 Though much attention has focused on the records compiled by federal government agencies, administrative records data also include records maintained by state, tribal, or local governments.
|
From page 8... ...
2.1 BROAD VISIONS FOR ADMINISTRATIVE DATA USE IN AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY (ACS) PRODUCTION 2.1.1 Outlining the Broad Roles Jennifer Ortman (U.S.
|
From page 9... ...
Second, it is believed that greater use of administrative records and third-party data may increase the data reliability of the final ACS product -- to wit, data items such as detailed breakdowns of income may be difficult for survey respondents to recall or report accurately in the general survey context, so recourse to IRS data could likely be more accurate. Third, a great promise of these alternative data resources is the reduction of survey cost by decreasing the need for follow-up information, whether the alternative data are used to directly substitute part or all information for nonresponding households or whether they are used to remove from the data collection workload those housing units that are extremely likely to be vacant.2 Ortman also noted that a key practical reason for the Census Bureau to pursue greater use of administrative records data is that it is mandated to do so by the authorizing law for the Census Bureau's censuses and surveys, Title 13 of the U.S.
|
From page 10... ...
Ortman said the Census Bureau is convinced that it is worthwhile to pursue this path of greater use of administrative data, including in the ACS, but it is determined to do so carefully and thoughtfully. To that end, she said that the Census Bureau has established a working set of guiding principles or criteria to determine what sources are appropriate for use in the ACS program; these are listed in Box 2.2.
|
From page 11... ...
Temporal Alignment -- Do the administrative data correspond to the time period referenced in the American Community Survey? [For instance, income tax data refer to calendar year while ACS data ask for income "in the last 12 months," time periods that do not necessarily align.]
|
From page 12... ...
She said that the field of survey research is shifting, and that alternative data sources should be leveraged to enhance, supplement, or -- as appropriate -- replace what is currently collected through survey questionnaire items. Accordingly, she said that the Census Bureau is engaging in finding appropriate roles for the use of administrative records and third-party data at all stages of the survey life cycle, and not simply as a replacement for whole questions on the survey.
|
From page 13... ...
Pharris-Ciurej said that difficulties with the Heating Fuel Type item appear to stem from the completeness of the principal alternative data source, the Multiple Listing Services (MLS) data used in real estate transactions.
|
From page 14... ...
PharrisCiurej's overview slide identified the yes-or-no Have a Mortgage item as the final "less promising" variable for replacement or supplementation, but he did not explicitly state a reason. That said, Pharris-Ciurej explained that four ACS housing data items -- Property Value, Costs–Real Estate Tax, Year Built, and Acreage -- had been found "most promising" in his group's analysis.
|
From page 15... ...
32.1% agreement Figure 2.1 Level of agreement on property value and real estate tax data 90% among linked, items, 2014–vintage American Community Survey andvalues nonmissing Percent of Total ACS Households 80% 10 70% administrative records data.
|
From page 16... ...
The results hold up fairly well for properties of different sizes, registering 92.8 percent agreement between ACS and records for properties that are less than 1 acre. Pharris-Ciurej said that the Census Bureau concluded that administrative records data could directly substitute information for 95 percent of ACS households, or they could be used for editing/imputation of 78 percent of missing (unedited)
|
From page 17... ...
In the quest to determine what administrative records or third-party data sources might be a "gold standard" for comparisons, Jacobsen said that it is important to keep in mind the fundamental concept that all data sources have error -- the ACS, administrative records, and third-party data alike. A real "gold standard" of absolute truth is unknowable; Jacobsen said the Census Bureau's work to date appropriately recognizes that the quality and reliability of administrative and third-party data may vary across geographic areas, and that these alternative data sources may be more accurate or applicable for some population subgroups than others.
|
From page 18... ...
She said that the Census Bureau needs to have a transparent process for defining criteria and prioritizing across the broad uses of third-party data (substitution, editing/imputation, blending) applied to the range of ACS data items.
|
From page 19... ...
Regarding wider incorporation of administrative and third-party data into ACS production, Jacobsen said that it is essential for the Census Bureau to communicate potential changes and their implications to data users in advance of implementation. This is particularly the case if the changes will result in a "break in series" in the time trends for affected ACS variables, of if they will have effects on the availability of the most finegrained 5-year-average data from the ACS.
|
From page 20... ...
The ACS items on Year Built and Property Value are questions that can lead respondents to make big, inaccurate guesses. To date, Citro said, the Census Bureau has not put a firm stake in the ground on these points -- committed to sunsetting a question or two from the questionnaire if various quality criteria are met for substituting that information from an alternative source.
|
From page 21... ...
Ortman said that this approach is something that the Census Bureau is contemplating, albeit for some of the housing data items (asked once of the entire household) rather than the person data items (asked about every household member)
|
From page 22... ...
If any of the four housing data items were missing for a particular household and the information could be retrieved from the administrative data, then the 6 Sandra Clark acknowledged the contributions of several Census Bureau co-authors to this work: R Chase Sawyer, Amanda Klimek, Christopher Mazur, William Chapin, and Ellen Wilson.
|
From page 23... ...
at the U.S.-level, and 79 percent of those were statistically different; the differences were not uniform, but Clark said that the Bureau noted the tendency, for many items, for the simulated records-based value to be lower than the published value. For each of the four variables, the item allocation rate was significantly lower for the simulated data than the published data -- that is, the Census Bureau was less likely to need to resort to "hot-deck" or traditional imputation techniques for these four variables because they were generally more available in the CoreLogic data.
|
From page 24... ...
She attributed this to being a case in which administrative data are slow to catch up with a sudden, major shock -- in this case, the city's public health crisis -- and deemed it a case in which direct substitution may not be useful. However, one of the ACS's key conceptual strengths is its ability to provide small-area information, and it is often asked to do so in response to natural disasters and other local events, so the possible time-lag effect suggested by Flint -- administrative records perhaps not registering sharp and sudden devaluation -- might sound a cautionary note for direct replacement of items using administrative records data.
|
From page 25... ...
undocumented and proprietary automated valuation model as the "best" alternative source of property value data. The county-level analysis underscores that the completeness of administrative data differs across jurisdictions, making the data unavailable for some areas and types of housing units.
|
From page 26... ...
As a preliminary conclusion, Clark said that she and the Census Bureau team had concluded that full incorporation of administrative records or thirdparty data for any of these four tested housing data series would create a "break in series" relative to earlier years of data. This simulation work underscored that administrative records data and ACS response data are simply so "different" from each other -- neither uniquely better nor uniquely worse but simply different -- that such a break is virtually inevitable.
|
From page 27... ...
He added that this is not necessarily misreporting and that, particularly at lower levels of income, there are reasons for not reporting income to the IRS, but it needs to be borne in mind in examining poverty through survey and administrative data. Rothbaum described investigation of these differences as a very active research area for the Census Bureau, alluding to additional research in the literature suggesting some tendency toward misreporting among males (especially, again, at low incomes)
|
From page 28... ...
Turning to the possibilities of using administrative records data to deal with survey nonresponse (whether whole-unit or individual-item) , Rothbaum began by illustrating the extent to which income data have had to be imputed in part or in whole in the ACS over the years.
|
From page 29... ...
. He said that research that he has participated in regarding income imputation in the CPS ASEC suggests a tendency to consistently overstate average income when using administrative data in imputing for nonresponse.
|
From page 30... ...
But, conversely, Rothbaum said that administrative records information on Social Security income might be as close to a "gold standard" as possible: if the Social Security Administration does not have a record of someone getting paid a benefit, they probably were not paid the benefit. Before presenting his analysis, Rothbaum alluded to ongoing cognitive testing being done by the Census Bureau on burden reduction specific to the income data items.
|
From page 31... ...
Interest, dividends, 1099-DIV/INT (incidence, some 1099-DIV/INT amounts Missing Interest and dividend payments net rental income, years) 1040 Schedule E net rental income under $10.
|
From page 32... ...
SSA SSI (amounts) This is not taxable, so SSA is the only Security Income.
|
From page 33... ...
Other WC is considered taxable wages in the W-2. SOURCE: Workshop presentation by Jonathan Rothbaum.
|
From page 34... ...
Summarizing, Rothbaum cautioned that measurement error can bias estimates of the income distribution, primarily because respondents tend to underreport recipiency; that two major types of income, base earnings and Social Security income, are fairly well represented in administrative records data but other income types are more challenging; and that even those wellcovered income types are prone to be discrepant at the lowest levels of income. There are high-quality sources of information that might be brought to bear -- detailed IRS data from Form 1040 and 1099 returns on property income and Social Security Administration payment records -- but that are not currently available for work with the ACS.
|
From page 35... ...
Census Bureau) discussed steps being taken to impute key characteristics -- age, race, and Hispanic origin -- due to nonresponse.
|
From page 36... ...
; likewise, 6 million Hispanic origin responses gathered by proxy are eligible for 9 The distinction between Census Numident and the Social Security Administration Numerical Identification (SSA Numident) file is that the former is a reformatted version of the latter.
|
From page 37... ...
Accordingly, for the simulation/analysis, Keller said that the Bureau team settled on a "hierarchy of use" for imputation and proxy response cases: directly substitute the Hispanic origin derived from Census Numident first; barring that, use the Best Hispanic Origin file; barring that, use the 2000 Census return. Keller presented results for the 2010-imputed and 2010-proxy-reported groups, separately.
|
From page 38... ...
The results, depicted in two graphs in Figure 2.3 separately for proxy responses and imputations, illustrate the clear potential value of using the administrative data. The top graph, for proxy responses, shows -- as age increases -- large negative spikes at ages ending in 0 or 5 and positive values otherwise.
|
From page 39... ...
‐40% ‐60% • 2010 Census Coverage Measurement estimated a significant overcount of persons aged 50 or higher ‐80% 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 • 1.4 million imputation cases with PIK and valid AR value aged 50‐90 % increase of age due to using AR in lieu of imputations (b) Imputation • As age increases – large negative spikes at 0s and 5s 15% 10% 5% 0% • Suggest that age‐only proxy reports could be replaced by AR age data as opposed to proxy report ‐5% ‐10% ‐15% ‐20% ‐25% ‐30% ‐35% ‐40% 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 • As age increases – negative rates mean more census imputations as opposed to AR values 13 Figure 2.3 Percentage increase in age due to using administrative records in lieu of proxy responses or imputed values, 2010 census data.
|
From page 40... ...
Those two topic areas -- housing unit characteristics and household income -- dovetail neatly with the papers in this session, and hence Czajka noted that they are very appropriate starting points to considering wider use of administrative data in the ACS. With regard to housing-related measures based on administrative data, Czajka observed that a number of housing items on the ACS questionnaire are available in state property tax records but are not included in the property tax bill that homeowners see.
|
From page 41... ...
He noted work done by Michael Davern and others involved in matching Medicaid administrative data to survey data and documenting wide variation across the states in rates.11 In that context, as in the housing context, it is unclear whether respondents were "better" or administrative records were "better," just that they were different. Turning to the administrative versus survey indicators of income, Czajka briefly described Statistics Canada's use of tax records in its annual Canadian Income Survey -- work that Czajka characterized as going well beyond the proverbial "stake in the ground" that Citro suggested earlier in the workshop.
|
From page 42... ...
He said that the tax data from Canada's revenue agency provides detailed information on income by source and on such things as pension plan contributions, as well as on the amount of tax paid; meanwhile, the income survey queries respondents for things that are not captured in the administrative tax data such as total personal income, child and spouse support received and paid, and interhousehold transfers. In this way, the income survey complemented with the tax data is able to provide much more detail on income characteristics "than we would consider doing here," Czajka said -- with a tradeoff being that the published survey analyses end up "distributing a lot of tax data." Particularly in contrast to the Canadian experience, Czajka characterized access to administrative data as the "elephant in the room." The ACS does not have access to every source of administrative data that the Census Bureau receives to support its research and work, and the Census Bureau itself receives only limited elements from many of the administrative sources.
|
From page 43... ...
-- Czajka said that the IRS's random audits have led the agency to estimate that about two-thirds of self-employment income is not reported in tax filings, making self-employment a particularly interesting and challenging case for measurement. Self-employment is a clear case where the administrative data are known to be "pretty bad" -- but, as Rothbaum's presentation had suggested, survey measures of self-employment are "all over the place," too, so there is no good answer; • Alimony; • Taxable pensions and annuities; • Rental income net of out-of-pocket expenses (from Schedule E)
|
From page 44... ...
Reported responses to age and the race and Hispanic origin questions in the 2000 census were treated as external, auxiliary data in Keller's research, and the same could be said of 2010 census returns in the planned work in 2020 census production. Czajka conceded that the content and quality of the Census Bureau's own "Best Race and Hispanic Origin files" is mysterious to observers (but "they sound great")
|
From page 45... ...
Czajka echoed Keller's findings from the Census Bureau's simulation studies, that replacing imputed values in the 2010 census with administrative data increases Hispanic origin reporting by 7 percent and doing the same for proxy-reported Hispanic origin cases increases reporting by 14 percent. He noted similar increases in reporting of Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native categories when 2010 census imputations and proxies were replaced with administrative data, but that the absence of "some other race" and "more than one race" categories from the administrative sources hinders comparison for those groups.
|
From page 46... ...
2.3.1 Statistics Canada Experience and Protocols for Interface Between Census/Surveys and Administrative Data Canada's move toward wide use of administrative records data in its censuses and surveys began tentatively in 1985, as Eric Olson (Statistics Canada) described, with Statistics Canada issuing its first statistical products sourced from taxation data from what was then Revenue Canada Taxation (now known as the Canadian Revenue Agency)
|
From page 47... ...
The information that you provide may be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes or may be combined with other survey or administrative data sources. Thank you for your cooperation.
|
From page 48... ...
D, Derived based on program specifications. I, Imputed using related auxiliary administrative data and demographic characteristics.
|
From page 49... ...
To illustrate the point, Olson briefly described the detailed classification of admission category that Statistics Canada was able to complete through the administrative data match, comprising four high-level categories (economic immigrant, immigrant sponsored by family, refugee, and other immigrant) filtering down to 26 final subcategories as intricate as "Quebec entrepreneur" (admitted under a provincial business program for entrepreneurs, distinct from "federal entrepreneur")
|
From page 50... ...
Though the effort was improvisational, Olson observed that Statistics Canada researchers concluded that the administrative count had worked quite well and that age and sex counts all appeared to be good -- though he did say that the linkage across all the component data series did involve some "painstaking work to get into the detail that may not be scalable." Finally, Olson noted that the fourth major use of administrative data in the 2016 Canadian census was implementation of a variety of improvements to editing and imputation routines for other census variables. In essence, the matched administrative data files from both the taxation (substitution)
|
From page 51... ...
In the Canadian experience, the wider use of administrative data comes with known tradeoffs: the derived immigrant admission category is only consistently available for immigrants admitted since 1980, not for earlier generations, and there is known variability and volatility in the reporting of social assistance income. Olson also echoed a point made earlier in Ortman's articulation of principles for administrative data use, as a lesson that Statistics Canada had learned through experience: the quality and consistency of administrative data is always vulnerable to modifications in the administrative programs that generate the source data.
|
From page 52... ...
He said that Statistics Canada is also actively looking at administrative data sources with an eye toward modernizing edit and imputation routines for reported type of industry (in the nation's business register) and on respondents' work activity/labor force status (based on linkage with employment records)
|
From page 53... ...
asked Olson about the Fort McMurray example and, in particular, about the small percentage of respondents who had already submitted census information before resort had to be made to administrative data. The question was whether the original census-return data were used in lieu of the administrative data and (in either event)
|
From page 54... ...
The county has made major investments in developing analytics, marshaling data resources, and testing new approaches. Allegheny County has learned through practice how to integrate data from widely disparate sources, but that experience is not necessarily representative of other jurisdictions.
|
From page 55... ...
or agencies; • Integrated data systems are those that the department combines from an array of other sources, typically administrative data generated by other agencies; • Allegheny County is unusual in the extent to which it has gone to harness those external data systems, yet they still rely on "what most counties are going to be looking at" to the extent that they do such analyses -- the internal case management applications used in agencies' day-to-day work (and that may be queryable for additional detail) ; and • An area that Allegheny County has taken as a priority of its approach, measures of client experience, feedback, and needs, whether generated by traditional pencil-and-paper or Internet surveys, by text messaging (which has become the most efficient mode of collection for Allegheny County)
|
From page 56... ...
Administrative data types, for an outcome such as educational attainment, include the administrative data (including graduation rates) from school districts as well as third-party data obtained via the National Student Clearinghouse.
|
From page 57... ...
. Dalton summarized a number of findings derived from analysis of a variety of administrative data series entering the department's integrated data systems: • 75 percent of youth aged 14 or older who left the child welfare system in 2017 exited to a permanent placement arrangement.
|
From page 58... ...
In beginning her remarks and again in closing, Dalton recognized the inherent difficulties faced by a national survey program like the ACS, grappling with the demands to reduce burden and resolve data disclosure concerns. She reiterated her belief that there is increasing capacity at the local government level to develop and use administrative data, for things that might usefully "roll up" into state and national data series.
|
From page 59... ...
Data aggregators like CoreLogic try to "clean up" and improve the data that they assemble from a variety of sources, but Molfino asked what local governments would need to create better local administrative data, of the kind that would eventually come to places like the Census Bureau. In reply, Dalton stated her belief -- in phrasing that would recur through the remainder of the workshop -- that "data that gets used gets better." That is why Allegheny County focuses on pushing data back to as many users and clients as possible.
|
From page 60... ...
Census Bureau) in his presentation was uniquely ACS-centric.
|
From page 61... ...
The first case involved the combination of functional covariates (derived from social media data) with ACS-based information; specifically, the example explored the combination of Google Trends data with the ACS and is described more completely by Porter et al.
|
From page 62... ...
. He said that the summarized ACS data provided by the Census Bureau necessarily contains more possible outcomes than simply Spanish-speaking at home, and that total survey variances can be computed based on the provided margins of error.
|
From page 63... ...
The advantage of combining the data sources, here looking at 1year estimates for the years 2005–2012, is that the ACS 1-year estimates are only available for the most populous counties while the LAUS has more geographic coverage (but lacks the additional covariates in the ACS)
|
From page 64... ...
. The multivariate spatial predictors based solely on ACS estimates may be denoted Yt( ,1)
|
From page 65... ...
The ultimate goal of this work, as of official statistics in general, is to improve the precision of the estimates being disseminated, and there are many opportunities for extension of this line of research. 2.3.4 Insights and Data Products from Linking Health Survey Data with Administrative Housing Data Veronica Helms (U.S.
|
From page 66... ...
Specifically, Helms said that the joint HUD/NCHS research project involved the combination of administrative data from the three largest HUD rental assistance programs with data from two NCHS health surveys. Helms provided a quick overview of both sources: • The project drew on data from three principal rental assistance programs administered by HUD: Public Housing, Housing Choice Vouchers, and Multifamily Housing.
|
From page 67... ...
For the purposes of this workshop presentation, the main story of the joint HUD-NCHS work on health effects related to housing is procedural, emphasizing the mechanics of getting to a linked data set rather than exploring 19 See also the series report at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_01/sr01_060.pdf.
|
From page 68... ...
. Those 10,295 matched records divided 59 percent to 41 percent answering yes and no to the lower-rent question, respectively -- results that Helms said showed good concordance between the rent-assistance question on the health survey with the administrative data.
|
From page 69... ...
as the opposite of the Census Bureau and ACS situations in a fundamental way: effectively, an agency looking to augment its administrative data information with survey responses. Moreover, Avery noted that the early work on constructing the NMDB -- and getting it to the point where supplementation with surveys is desired -- has been quite purposefully done in a quiet, "under the radar" way given the sensitive nature of the data involved, but provides useful insights.
|
From page 70... ...
Crucial data items -- not the least of which is any information about the underlying
|
From page 71... ...
As with the administrative data, this work has been done for all historical loans and is updated on a quarterly basis with new loans added to the sample. Avery said that there has also been work done on matching to other CoreLogic data resources (such as its data files on private label mortgage-backed securities 20 Both Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are regulated by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, and so their provision of data is "ordered" by FHFA, Avery noted.
|
From page 72... ...
Very deliberately, the NSMO questionnaire asks only a few quantitative "factual" questions about the mortgage loan itself, "primarily to determine whether the survey reaches the right person with the right loan," because other information on the loan is known from the NMDB entry. Instead, the NSMO questionnaire centers on gathering information on "mortgage shopping," consumer knowledge, and mortgagee expectations and satisfaction, as well as collecting the kind of demographic and life-event data that does not appear in administrative data.
|
From page 73... ...
The surveys have what Avery considers low item nonresponse rates -- 6–8 percent -- but there is still some, and the administrative data in the NMDB provide useful predictors in logistic regression models that are used to impute values. Avery said that the NMDB staff has purposefully chosen to use the administrative NMDB entries for predictive imputation purposes but not for direct edit/substitution; even when "hard" administrative data is available for a missing survey response (such as income)
|
From page 74... ...
" was thought to be fairly unambiguous, but comparisons of survey and administrative data suggested that it is not; respondents might not consider a condominium unit a "home" in the same sense as a detached property. Avery's final point was that this work requires careful scrutiny of the source data, and the NMDB is now at the point where they are starting to work on challenging problems in integrating property data into the fold.
|
From page 75... ...
in important respects. Ultimately, the ARC is focused on a localized geographic area but, as with Dalton's Allegheny County Department of Human Services, the ARC plays many functional roles.
|
From page 76... ...
76 IMPROVING THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY • The www.neighborhoodnexus.org portal itself -- the means of accessing the 6,000–7,000 data elements from a dozen or more data sources, depending on the level of geography being studied -- is a big part of the strategy. Carnathan said that constant updating is key to building trust in and awareness of the effort and, moreover, the website exemplifies ARC's "core value" that data are a public good (and not a commodity, as is the increasing perception)
|
From page 77... ...
And the secondary lesson Carnathan derived from this is similar to Dalton's: users/stakeholders like the ARC do not just use or concern themselves with one single data resource, "we have to look at all of it" from a variety of perspectives. The notion of replacing information on the ACS with administrative data is not very relevant to how ARC works, but looking for both common features and differences through multiple data views is the real value.
|
From page 78... ...
To satisfy the demands of its own data customers, Burgoyne said that Claritas regularly generates a series of population estimates and forecasts, such as estimates of race and Hispanic origin for census block groups. She described the basic process as linear extrapolation of the trend between the 2000 census and the 2010 census, using the Census Bureau's most recent population estimates for counties as controls (and including facility for "moderation for both extreme growth and decline")
|
From page 79... ...
She noted, in particular, that the percent Hispanic origin by basic extrapolation was 7.6 percent but ticked higher to 10.2 percent using the Names Based method; the final estimate, controlling to county, was set at 10.5 percent. Burgoyne noted that this is work in progress and not suitable for use for all block groups; future enhancements will explore the incorporation of 5-year ACS data in the process.
|
From page 80... ...
were crafted through "creative data linkages" between census and ACS data, private-sector consumer survey data, media usage data, and other third-party data resources on consumer purchases. For example, a block group classified as 04 Young Digerati tends to live in the urban fringe, is wealthy and welleducated, has above-average access to technology in the household, and is mostly composed of small families with children.
|
From page 81... ...
These segments can be combined and grouped by common characteristics, defining other socioeconomic partitions. For example, Burgoyne's slide illustrated that five PRIZM Premier segments (42 Multi-Culti Mosaic, 45 Urban Modern Mix, 56 Multi-Culti Families, 61 Second City Generations, 68 Bedrock America)
|
From page 82... ...
Though Burgoyne did not explicitly say so in her talk, construction of geodemographic segments has fairly deep roots in Census Bureau culture; similar market segmentation research was a starting point for the major communication plans of both the 2000 and 2010 censuses, and the Census Bureau has regularly constructed a Planning Database in which ACS (or, in past times, census long-form sample) covariates by census tract have been used to derive "hard-to-count" scores for those small areas and inform particular enumeration strategies.
|
From page 83... ...
O'Hara said that her questions in thinking about this are: Who is the producer? Is the Census Bureau responsible for anticipating all the questions and providing all of the answers?
|
From page 84... ...
O'Hara said that, right now, something like matching the National Mortgage Database to wider data holdings at the Census Bureau is not possible; the data reside on different servers, and "never the two shall meet." But what if "the identifiers never really left home," if statistics from a match could be done in a secure encrypted way as the international experience is suggesting to be more feasible? Finally, O'Hara commented that her recent work at Stanford had brought her into contact with the "largest data-driven companies in the world," and that there is much to be learned about "best" practices in data management from the private sector.
|
From page 85... ...
modeled values for most items, wherein the respondent data are much less likely to directly enter the published values (and, indeed, serve primarily to "benchmark" the model results and impressions from administrative data)
|
From page 86... ...
Is there a role for local administrative data there? Carnathan replied it is a question worth exploring -- noting that the ARC is actually bound by state law to produce estimates annually, which are then used to generate more finegrained population estimates at the neighborhood level.
|
From page 87... ...
Briefly summarizing the first day of the workshop, Victoria Velkoff (Census Bureau) said that she heard common themes throughout the presentations of the day: the need for criteria (for accepting alternative data sources, etc.)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.