Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (2020) / Chapter Skim
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2 Legal, Social, and Ethical Considerations
2 Legal, Social, and Ethical Considerations
Pages 23-38
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clinical research. These principles emphasize the need for informed consent and include a prerequisite for conducting animal research prior to human experimentation (Weindling, 2001)
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. Some of these same traits have, on the one hand, made dogs an attractive species for laboratory research, while on the other hand engendered strong public reactions to their use as laboratory animals.
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LEGAL CONTEXT FOR USING LABORATORY DOGS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH In the United States, the 1965 exposure of abuses by "Class B" unregulated dog dealers was a flashpoint in the evolution of attitudes toward the treatment of dogs and other animals, contributing, in part, to the passage of the Animal Welfare Act of 1966 (AWA) and subsequent amendments (Adams and Larson, 2016; Engber, 2009)
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The VA also requires all VA animal research programs to maintain full accreditation by AAALAC International and to comply with internal VA policies and reporting requirements. The Animal Welfare Act and Regulations The U.S.
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Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW) , is specifically designed to apply to the care and use of animals involved in research, research training, and biological testing activities conducted or supported by PHS (PHS Policy, par.
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Training is required for all individu als involved in animal research and husbandry; the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science provides web-based training tools for VA husbandry staff (AALAS, 2020)
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as well as site visits, the committee concludes that the VA's biomedical research programs involving laboratory dogs appear to adhere to all relevant policies surrounding animal research. SOCIAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS The committee was convened specifically to assess the use of dogs within the United States, and it is reasonable to ask why public and political pressure is being placed on the VA to curtail dog research in particular.
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A more developed model of the ethics of using laboratory dogs in VA research requires an analysis of how the interests of veterans, laboratory animals, members of society, and others are implicated by conducting such research and what duties the VA has to members of those various groups. Research involving laboratory dogs implicates the interests of laboratory dogs; knowledge users like patients, physicians, and veterinarians; non-canine laboratory animals that might be substituted for or replaced by laboratory dogs; working, service, military, and companion dogs that may derive benefit from research using laboratory dogs; members of society who place a high value on dogs; and individuals who depend on the institution under whose auspices the research is conducted -- in this case, the VA.
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However, the present report is working within assumptions grounding the Statement of Task, one of which is that animal research can be conducted ethically. To that end, policy and regulations have established several ethical conditions for conducting animal research.
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. Some animal research protocols may be less harmful when conducted in dogs than in other species such as pigs.
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While most Americans favor humane research practices for all animals in research, many would likely oppose using dogs in research. This is not surprising; many Americans love their dogs and consider them to be family members.
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In this case, any reputational benefit accruing to the VA as a result of privileging dogs would be at the expense of ethical integrity, insofar as alternative species were used. Institutions that conduct research on dogs would seem to have special obligations to employ active and effective public communication strategies aimed at educating the public to secure the necessary support and minimize reputational risk.
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2017. Broader perspectives on laboratory animal welfare -- Advancing animal welfare in the 21st Century.
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Animal Welfare for a Better World, 4th OIE Global Conference on Animal Welfare, December 2016, Guadalajara, Mexico. https://www.oie.int/eng/animal-welfare-conf2016/PTT/1.1.%20Mellor.pdf (accessed October 7, 2019)
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1990. Laboratory animal welfare.
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