Accelerating Decarbonization in the United States Technology, Policy, and Societal Dimensions (2024) / Chapter Skim
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From page 7... ...
Also, given the first report's focus on federal action, the committee examined the contributions of states, localities, the private sector, and civil society to mitigating climate change. The committee identified five objectives of decarbonization policy -- GHG emission reductions, 3 7F equity and fairness, health, employment, and public engagement -- and eight sectors -- electricity, buildings, land use, transportation, industry, finance, fossil fuels, and nonfederal actors.
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From page 9... ...
Tightened Targets for the Buildings and Industrial Sectors and a Backstop for the Transport Sector. The 2030 sectoral emissions goals set by the Biden administration can be achieved or mostly achieved by the current policy portfolio, in part because the goals for "harder-to-decarbonize" sectors, such as industry and buildings, are not particularly stringent.
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From page 10... ...
Furthermore, the breadth of the energy transition requires an RD&D portfolio PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 10
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From page 11... ...
Objective(s) Categories Short-Form Implementing Addressed by Addressed by Addressed by Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation 1-1: Enact Two Federal Congress, • Electricity • Greenhouse A Broadened Policy Policies Recommended Treasury • Buildings gas (GHG)
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From page 12... ...
and Reporting for Communities for Adaptive Program Design and Management Evaluation Ensuring Equity, Justice, Health, and Fairness of Impacts 2-3: Implement Federal Federal • Non-federal • GHG Rigorous and Legislation for Equitable policymakers actors reductions Transparent Analysis Outcomes • Equity and Reporting Ensuring Equity, Justice, Health, and Fairness of Impacts 2-4: Build Multi-Level Congress, • Non-federal • GHG Ensuring Procedural Capacity to Support National actors reductions Equity in Planning Community-Led Transition • Equity and Siting New Transitions Corporation, EPA Infrastructure and and DOE, state • Health Programs legislatures • Employment • Public Ensuring Equity, engagement Justice, Health, and Fairness of Impacts Building the Needed Workforce and Capacity PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 12
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From page 13... ...
Sources 3-2: Increase Use of Congress, • Electricity • Equity Ensuring Equity, Health Impact Centers for • Buildings • Health Justice, Health, and Assessment Tools in Disease Control Fairness of Impacts Energy Project Decision- and Prevention • Transportation Making (CDC) , National • Industry Rigorous and Center for • Fossil fuels Transparent Analysis Environmental and Reporting for Health/Agency Adaptive for Toxic Management Substances and Disease Registry (NCEH/ATSDR)
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From page 14... ...
4-1: Support the Department of • Electricity • Equity Building the Needed Development of Net- Education, local • Buildings • Employment Workforce and Zero Curriculum and governments, and Capacity Skill Development school districts • Transportation • Public Programs for K–12 • Industry engagement Students • Non-federal actors 4-2: Invest in Linking Congress • Electricity • Equity Ensuring Equity, People from • Buildings • Employment Justice, Health, and Disadvantaged Fairness of Impacts Communities to Quality • Transportation Jobs • Industry Building the Needed • Non-federal Workforce and actors Capacity 4-3: Extend Congress • Transportation • Equity Ensuring Equity, Unemployment • Fossil fuels • Employment Justice, Health, and Insurance Duration for Fairness of Impacts Fossil Fuel–Related • Public engagement Layoffs and Develop Building the Needed Decarbonization Workforce and Workforce Adjustment Capacity Assistance Program 4-4: Collect and Report Department of • Electricity • Equity Building the Needed Data on Net-Zero- Energy (DOE) • Buildings • Employment Workforce and Relevant Professions Capacity • Transportation • Industry • Non-federal actors PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 14
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From page 15... ...
, DOE, Regional Levels and EPA • Non-federal • Public Ensuring Procedural actors engagement Equity in Planning and Siting New Infrastructure and Programs Building the Needed Workforce and Capacity 5-2: Accelerate the Subnational • Electricity • Equity A Broadened Policy Development, government staff, • Non-federal • Public Portfolio Implementation, elected officials actors engagement Assessment, and Sharing and their Ensuring Equity, of Energy System Policy representative Justice, Health, and and Approaches That coalitions, federal Fairness of Impacts Deliver Local Benefits partners Ensuring Procedural Equity in Planning and Siting New Infrastructure and Programs 5-3: Fix Policy Gaps Congress and • Electricity • Equity A Broadened Policy That Limit Role of state legislatures • Non-federal • Public Portfolio Public Land in actors engagement Decarbonization Ensuring Procedural • Land use Equity in Planning and Siting New Infrastructure and Programs Siting and Permitting Reforms for Interstate Transmission 5-4: Address Barriers to State legislatures • Non-federal • Equity A Broadened Policy Local Benefits from actors • Public Portfolio Renewable Energy engagement Facilities Ensuring Equity, Justice, Health, and Fairness of Impacts Ensuring Procedural Equity in Planning and Siting New Infrastructure and Programs PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 15
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From page 16... ...
5-6: Mandate and Congress, DOE, • Electricity • Equity Ensuring Procedural Allocate Resources for a NCTF • Non-federal • Employment Equity in Planning National Assessment on actors • Public and Siting New the Public Engagement engagement Infrastructure and Workforce and Gaps Programs Siting and Permitting Reforms for Interstate Transmission Building the Needed Workforce and Capacity 5-7: Develop Civil society • Electricity • Equity A Broadened Policy Collaborative Regional leaders and • Buildings • Employment Portfolio Renewable Energy philanthropic Deployment Plans organizations • Land use • Public Ensuring Procedural • Non-federal engagement Equity in Planning actors and Siting New Infrastructure and Programs Siting and Permitting Reforms for Interstate Transmission PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 16
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From page 17... ...
Objective(s) Categories Short-Form Implementing Addressed by Addressed by Addressed by Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation 5-8: Address the Congress, federal • Electricity • Equity A Broadened Policy Priorities of Native agencies involved • Public Portfolio American and in renewable engagement Environmental Justice energy and Ensuring Equity, Communities transmission Justice, Health, and deployment Fairness of Impacts leads, and federal program Ensuring Procedural designers Equity in Planning and Siting New Infrastructure and Programs 5-9: Invest in and DOE, • Non-federal • Equity Building the Needed Integrate Social Science Department of actors • Employment Workforce and Research into Transition Transportation Capacity Decision-Making (DOT)
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From page 18... ...
Objective(s) Categories Short-Form Implementing Addressed by Addressed by Addressed by Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation 6-4: Provide Rate Decision makers • Electricity • Equity Ensuring Equity, Options to Encourage on utility rates • Non-federal Justice, Health, and Flexible Demand While (i.e., state utility actors Fairness of Impacts Ensuring Affordable regulators for Electricity jurisdictional Siting and Permitting investor-owned Reforms for utilities and Interstate boards of Transmission cooperatives, municipal electric utilities, and other publicly owned utilities)
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From page 19... ...
Objective(s) Categories Short-Form Implementing Addressed by Addressed by Addressed by Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation 7-1: Ensure Clarity and DOE • Buildings • GHG Rigorous and Consistency for the reductions Transparent Analysis Implementation of • Equity and Reporting for Building Adaptive Decarbonization Policies • Public Management engagement Ensuring Procedural Equity in Planning and Siting New Infrastructure and Programs Tightened Targets for the Buildings and Industrial Sectors and a Backstop for the Transport Sector 7-2: Promote an DOE • Buildings • GHG Ensuring Procedural Equitable Focus Across • Non-federal reductions Equity in Planning Building actors • Equity and Siting New Decarbonization Policies Infrastructure and • Public Programs engagement Tightened Targets for the Buildings and Industrial Sectors and a Backstop for the Transport Sector 7-3: Expand and DOE • Buildings • GHG Rigorous and Evaluate the reductions Transparent Analysis Weatherization • Equity and Reporting for Assistance Program Adaptive (WAP)
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From page 20... ...
Objective(s) Categories Short-Form Implementing Addressed by Addressed by Addressed by Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation 7-4: Coordinate State and • Buildings • Equity Tightened Targets for Subnational Government municipal • Non-federal • Employment the Buildings and Agencies to Align government actors Industrial Sectors and Decarbonization Policies offices a Backstop for the and Implementation Transport Sector Building the Needed Workforce and Capacity 7-5: Build Capacity for Congress • Buildings • GHG A Broadened Policy States and Municipalities • Non-federal reductions Portfolio to Adopt and Enforce actors • Equity Increased Regulatory Rigorous and Rigor for Buildings and • Health Transparent Analysis Equipment • Employment and Reporting for Adaptive Management Tightened Targets for the Buildings and Industrial Sectors and a Backstop for the Transport Sector Building the Needed Workforce and Capacity 7-6: Increase Research, Congress • Buildings • Equity Siting and Permitting Development, • Non-federal • Health Reforms for Demonstration, and Interstate Deployment for Built actors • Employment Transmission Environment • Public Decarbonization engagement Research, Interventions Development, and Demonstration Needs 7-7: Extend Current Congress • Buildings • GHG A Broadened Policy Decarbonization reductions Portfolio Incentives Beyond the • Equity Next Decade While Tightened Targets for Scaling Up Mandates • Health the Buildings and • Employment Industrial Sectors and a Backstop for the Transport Sector 8-1: Convene an Expert Secretary of • Land use • GHG Rigorous and Group to Recommend Agriculture reductions Transparent Analysis Ways to Measure and Reporting for Additional Forest Sinks Adaptive Management 8-2: Prioritize Secretary of • Land use • GHG A Broadened Policy Ecosystem-Level Carbon Agriculture reductions Portfolio Storage PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 20
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From page 21... ...
Objective(s) Categories Short-Form Implementing Addressed by Addressed by Addressed by Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation 8-3: Establish a USDA • Land use • GHG Rigorous and Permanent, National- reductions Transparent Analysis Scale, High-Quality Soil and Reporting for Monitoring Network Adaptive Management 8-4: Build Out Long- USDA • Land use • GHG Rigorous and Term Agricultural Field • Non-federal reductions Transparent Analysis Experiments actors and Reporting for Adaptive Management Research, Development, and Demonstration Needs 8-5: Fund Research to USDA • Land use • GHG Research, Quantify Indicators That reductions Development, and Influence Adoption of • Equity Demonstration Needs Regenerative Agriculture Practices • Public engagement 8-6: Incentivize the USDA • Land use • GHG A Broadened Policy Abatement of CH4 and reductions Portfolio N2O Emissions and • Equity Improve Soil Carbon Sequestration 8-7: Release a DOE • Land use • GHG Research, Comprehensive reductions Development, and Research, Development, Demonstration Needs Demonstration, and Deployment (RDD&D)
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From page 22... ...
governments • Fossil fuels Tightened Targets for Emissions • Non-federal • Health the Buildings and actors Industrial Sectors and a Backstop for the Transport Sector 9-4: Pursue State DOTs, • Transportation • GHG Tightened Targets for Infrastructure Design, American • Industry reductions the Buildings and Standards, Association of Industrial Sectors and Specifications, and State Highway • Non-federal a Backstop for the actors Procedures That and Transport Sector Effectively Reduce Transportation Transportation Carbon Officials, Emissions American Road and Transportation Builders Association, and other specialized transportation infrastructure materials and construction associations 9-5: Enhance States and local • Buildings • GHG Rigorous and Transportation Equity governments • Transportation reductions Transparent Analysis and Environmental • Equity and Reporting for Justice Through • Finance Adaptive Programs, Planning, and • Non-federal • Health Management Services actors • Public engagement Ensuring Procedural Equity in Planning and Siting New Infrastructure and Programs Ensuring Equity, Justice, Health, and Fairness of Impacts Tightened Targets for the Buildings and Industrial Sectors and a Backstop for the Transport Sector PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 22
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From page 23... ...
, and Net-Zero Research, Liquid Fuels Development, and Demonstration Needs 10-1: Develop and DOE and • Buildings • GHG Rigorous and Enable Cost-Competitive industrial • Industry reductions Transparent Analysis Process and Waste Heat companies and Reporting for Solutions Adaptive Management Tightened Targets for the Buildings and Industrial Sectors and a Backstop for the Transport Sector Research, Development, and Demonstration Needs 10-2: Invest in Energy Congress and • Buildings • GHG A Broadened Policy and Materials Efficiency DOE • Industry reductions Portfolio and Industrial Electrification • Finance Tightened Targets for • Non-federal the Buildings and actors Industrial Sectors and • Transportation a Backstop for the Transport Sector Research, Development, and Demonstration Needs PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 23
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From page 24... ...
Objective(s) Categories Short-Form Implementing Addressed by Addressed by Addressed by Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation 10-3: Spur Innovation to Congress, DOE, • Industry • GHG A Broadened Policy Achieve Price- non- • Finance reductions Portfolio Performance Parity for governmental Low-Carbon Solutions organizations • Non-federal Tightened Targets for actors (NGOs)
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From page 25... ...
, DoD, and • Finance Adaptive DOT Management Tightened Targets for the Buildings and Industrial Sectors and a Backstop for the Transport Sector 10-8: Develop Effective Congress, DOE, • Industry • Employment Building the Needed Workforce Development labor • Non-federal Workforce and Programs for Industry associations, actors Capacity NGOs, industry leaders, and academia 10-9: Implement a Congress, DOE, • Industry • GHG A Broadened Policy Product-Based Tradeable DOC, and EPA • Finance reductions Portfolio Performance Standard for Domestic Tightened Targets for Manufacturing and the Buildings and Foreign Trade Industrial Sectors and a Backstop for the Transport Sector PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 25
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From page 26... ...
Objective(s) Categories Short-Form Implementing Addressed by Addressed by Addressed by Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation 11-1: Expand and Congress and • Buildings • Equity Ensuring Procedural Extend Funding and EPA • Transportation Equity in Planning Financing Assistance for and Siting New Actions Benefiting Low • Finance Infrastructure and Income and • Non-federal Programs Disadvantaged actors Households and Reforming Financial Communities Markets 11-2: Disclose Equity OMB • Electricity • Equity Ensuring Procedural Indicators for Federal • Buildings Equity in Planning Funding of Clean Energy and Siting New • Transportation Infrastructure and • Finance Programs • Non-federal actors Reforming Financial Markets 11-3: Address Limited Treasury • Finance • Equity Ensuring Procedural Access Faced by Low- Advisory Group Equity in Planning Income and on Racial Equity and Siting New Marginalized Infrastructure and Households Programs Reforming Financial Markets 11-4: Fill Gaps in Federal agency • Finance Rigorous and Federal Financial Risk decision makers Transparent Analysis Data and Information that are members and Reporting for Collection Rules of the Financial Adaptive Stability Management Oversight Council (FSOC)
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From page 27... ...
Objective(s) Categories Short-Form Implementing Addressed by Addressed by Addressed by Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation 12-1: Authorize and Congress and • Fossil fuels • Equity Ensuring Procedural Provide Appropriations state transition • Non-federal • Employment Equity in Planning for State Transition offices actors and Siting New Offices to Address Coal, Infrastructure and Oil, and Natural Gas Programs Community Transitions Ensuring Equity, Justice, Health, and Fairness of Impacts Building the Needed Workforce and Capacity Managing the Future of the Fossil Fuel Sector 12-2: Consider Whether Congress and • Fossil fuels • GHG A Broadened Policy Proposed Natural Gas FERC • Transportation reductions Portfolio Pipeline Projects Are Needed, Incorporate Managing the Future Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
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From page 28... ...
Objective(s) Categories Short-Form Implementing Addressed by Addressed by Addressed by Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation 12-6: Require Recipients Congress and • Fossil fuels • GHG Ensuring Equity, of Federal Funding to recipients of • Non-federal reductions Justice, Health, and Provide Advance Notice federal agency actors • Equity Fairness of Impacts of Facility Closures funding • Employment Managing the Future • Public of the Fossil Fuel engagement Sector 12-7: Fund the Congress, state • Finance • GHG Ensuring Equity, Decommissioning, legislatures, state • Fossil fuels reductions Justice, Health, and Cleanup, and Just agencies, and • Equity Fairness of Impacts Transition for state regulators • Non-federal Communities actors • Health Managing the Future Historically Dependent • Public of the Fossil Fuel on Fossil Fuels engagement Sector 13-1: Establish an Executive Office • Non-federal • Equity Building the Needed Ongoing Process to of the President actors • Public Workforce and Integrate Feedback engagement Capacity into Federal Application and Technical Assistance Processes 13-2: Disburse Department of • Non-federal • Equity Building the Needed Capacity-Building Energy, actors • Employment Workforce and Funds for State, Environmental Capacity Local, and Protection • Public engagement Community Agency, Recipients Flexibly Department of and Speedily Transportation, Department of Agriculture, and other federal agencies 13-3: Designate an Governors, • Electricity • Equity Building the Needed Official or Entity to mayors, and • Buildings • Public Workforce and Track Decarbonization county officials; Capacity Program Opportunities states, counties, • Transportation engagement and Deadlines and cities • Industry • Non-federal actors 13-4: Structure Federal agencies • Electricity • Equity Building the Needed Competitive • Buildings Workforce and Opportunities as Non- Capacity Competitive Planning • Transportation Grants Followed by • Industry Competitive Grants • Non-federal actors PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 28
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From page 29... ...
Objective(s) Categories Short-Form Implementing Addressed by Addressed by Addressed by Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation Recommendation 13-5: Continue to Congress and • Electricity • Equity Building the Needed Expand Reliable and federal • Buildings • Employment Workforce and Flexible Funding to contracting Capacity Subnational officials • Transportation • Public Governments • Industry engagement • Non-federal actors PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 29
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