Principles and Guidance for Presenting Active Traffic Management Information to Drivers (2021) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 107-138
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98 Survey responses (Comparison of DMS, overhead signs, and pictograms) The survey provided information about drivers' subjective opinions on effectiveness and clarity of communication for (a)
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99 Figure 85. Participants' subjective ratings of effectiveness for three types of ATM media.
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100 Figure 86. Participants' ratings for how well three types of ATM media communicate.
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101 with options with combinations. Results showed that participants rated the overhead gantry as the most effective way to disseminate the ATM information when combinations were not allowed (Figure 87)
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102 Figure 89. Participants' ratings for usefulness and preference between overhead signs and smartphone application as ATM media.
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103 Figure 90. Participants' comparisons of the three ATM presentation modes in Experiment 2.
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104 Figure 92. Participants' preferred way to receive navigation instructions.
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105 presented as visual information (i.e., the visual-descriptive mode) , participants thought using the application was more visually complicated and required more mental effort compared to AV conditions.
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106 conditions or information type conditions, the post-experiment survey showed that 60% of the participants preferred both a combined AV modality and descriptive information for the smartphone ATM application. Similar to the first driving simulator study, an analysis of driver glances showed that total glance time and average glance duration to the smartphone in the study were below the AAM's distraction criterion for human-mahine interface interaction in all conditions.
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107 Experiment 3: Examining How Agencies Approach the Deployment and Evaluation of ATM Applications. Overview The goal of Experiment 3 was to identify current and best practices used by agencies to effectively deploy and evaluate the potential and realized benefits of various ATM strategies, as well as guidance available to support a transition to innovative, non-traditional media for presenting dynamic information.
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108 Results The findings in Experiment 3 are compiled through interviews conducted in April-May 2017 and more widely distributed surveys with follow-up interviews conducted in July-August 2019. Individuals were identified from agencies that have diverse experiences in deploying ATM strategies.
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109 Vince Garcia Wyoming DOT Dynamic speed limits on rural corridors for road weather applications Objectives for the Study Objective 1: Quantifying ATM Deployment Benefits The first objective of Experiment 3 was to determine how agencies accurately quantify mobilityrelated benefits of ATM deployments, as well as the safety-related benefits of a temporary ATM deployment. Note that quantifying safety benefits of permanent ATM deployments tends to be more straightforward and was therefore not an emphasis for this objective.
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110 reduction in peak period travel time, 50 percent reduction in travel time variability along the corridor, and increased throughput during the peak hour. The monetary value of this deployment was not calculated.
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111 In general, evaluation analysis findings are frequently mixed or unable to be determined given other changes in the corridor that may have occurred when ATM was deployed as part of a larger reconstruction project or other operational changes, which is the case for Minnesota and Washington State, for example. Although the National Evaluation Reports for the Seattle/Lake Washington Corridor Urban Partnership Agreement (FHWA, 2014)
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112 Survey respondents were asked whether their agency considered four specific criteria (driver needs, safety, mobility, and system costs) when considering six different types of ATM deployments, as applicable.
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113 investment that cannot be demonstrated by ATM, where we know the cost is very high and quantifiable benefits are hard to measure." • Oregon: "The biggest driver is a reduction of crashes, which is the ultimate need of the driver. Although ATM systems are not cheap, they are cheaper than building new lanes on the freeway.
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114 ATM deployment. Other FHWA resources, including a training course and webinars were also cited.
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115 At this time, very few agencies have deployed or tested any in-vehicle ATM messaging strategies. No respondents indicated that their agency was currently pursuing or seeking resources for in-vehicle ATM messaging.
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116 Experiment 3 Summary Experiment 3 was a stakeholder engagement study to identify current and best practices used by agencies to effectively deploy and quantitatively evaluate the potential and realized benefits of various ATM strategies. Gaps within currently available guidelines and requirements were identified and guidance to support a transition to innovative, non-traditional media for presenting dynamic information was also investigated.
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117 Chapter 6: Conclusions Taken together, the activities conducted in this project provided information to address the key research gaps. This section summarizes each key research gap and lists the study information that applies to each gap.
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118 What media is the best for disseminating dynamic information to satisfy driver wants and needs?
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119 Are lane closure pictograms on a DMS understood by drivers, and are they equally or more effective than information presented via overhead dynamic lane control signs?
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120 all types of ATM strategies, and most considering driver needs for at least one type of ATM strategy. Gap 10: Given a situation where multiple ATM media are available, what information do drivers want/how do drivers want to receive the information/when do drivers want to receive the information?
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121 application. When the ATM information was available from both the smartphone and overhead gantry, there were no significant differences between the "always-on" and "just-in-time" mode in terms of percentage of lane compliance.
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122 Design Guidelines As a part of the final deliverables, two ATM design guidelines were developed based on previous literature and findings from Phase 2 activities. The purpose of the guidelines is to provide guidance and insight on the characteristics of alternative ATM media (e.g., in-vehicle displays, smartphones)
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123 OPTIMIZING THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE MEDIA FOR DISSEMINATING ATM INFORMATION TO DRIVERS Introduction This guideline provides information about how to effectively use alternative media for ATM message dissemination in combination with infrastructure-based media. Previous laboratory studies have shown that there appears to be some value in using alternative media in ATM information dissemination.
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124 Discussion There is little existing research covering the coordination of alternative ATM media and how to best use them for ATM message dissemination. Therefore, the material in this guideline comes primarily from expert judgement and a driving simulator experiment conducted by Lee et al.
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125 In-vehicle displays can compensate for the current limited availability of ATM messages that occurs because drivers can only take in the information when infrastructure-based messages are within sight distance. For example, if the ATM message on overhead gantry signs presents lane closure information using symbols, the in-vehicle display must present the lane closure information using similar symbols but can also begin displaying the information sooner and keep it visible for longer than the overhead gantry signs.
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126 Lee, J., Schroeder, J L., Richard, C
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127 SELECTING INFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS FOR ALTERNATIVE ATM MEDIA Introduction This guideline describes how to present alternative ATM media in ways that ensure that key information is communicated in a clear and efficient manner while not distracting drivers. Alternative ATM media can leverage unique information display characteristics compared to traditional infrastructure-based ATM media, which makes them ideal for providing supporting information.
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128 Discussion There little existing research covering the coordination of alternative ATM media and how to best use them for ATM message dissemination. Therefore, the material in this guideline comes primarily from expert judgement and the experiment conducted by Lee et al.
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129 Overall, the condition in which smartphone ATM displays supplemented traditional infrastrcuture-based ATM displays led to the highest percentages of speed compliance and the lowest amount of off-road glances. Matching message modality to message complexity The idea of matching message modality to message complexity denotes the selection of message modality based on the necessary information elements in a message.
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