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2 The U.S. Federal Laboratory System
Pages 21-28

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From page 21...
... federal laboratory system. It highlights those aspects of the statutory and organizational framework most relevant to technology transfer and commercialization in the context of digital products.
From page 22...
... . The federal labs also feature prominently in the nation's emergency response plans of action for national and international emergencies, which have entailed securing at-risk nuclear materials in the former Soviet Union, assisting Japan in its response to the Fukushima nuclear reactor accident, responding to the international Ebola outbreak, and addressing oil and natural gas leaks in the United States.
From page 23...
... These legislative and regulatory differences have resulted in a number of institutional differences with respect to the nature of operations, personnel obligations, and approaches to private-sector engagement related to technology transfer and commercialization, differences that reflect the priorities and constraints of the respective legislative and regulatory authorities (Snyder and Thomas, 2014; Hughes et al., 2011; Link et al., 2019)
From page 24...
... The Food and Drug Administration's intramural research program spans a range of sectors and functional utilities -- from the development of animal models and tools to assessments of emergency medical equipment. Similarly, NASA operates labs with diverse missions that include supporting human spaceflight, developing space operations and related systems, testing the safety and efficiency of hardware, providing preflight training facilities, and conducting ground-based analog studies and furthering understanding of human responses to space travel.
From page 25...
... That act fundamentally changed the nation's system of technology transfer by allowing contractors supported by the federal agencies to own such inventions and to issue exclusive licenses on those patents under certain conditions (see Chapter 4) .10 Third is the Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 (FTTA)
From page 26...
... 106-404) revised the technology transfer reporting requirements for federal agencies, requiring that they submit an annual report to the Office of Management and Budget summarizing their 11 CRADAs are codified in 15 U.S.C.
From page 27...
... Positioned between industry and academia, federal labs play a unique role in these partnerships with respect to time scale, risk tolerance, facilities, and the size of the research teams. Today, a growing network of institutional arrangements is focused on enabling the transfer of federally funded research and innovation to benefit society.


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