Social and Economic Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal Considerations for Institutional Management (1984) / Chapter Skim
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requested the National Research Council to conduct a study of socioeconomic aspects of nuclear waste repository siting, and a panel was established under the aegis of the Board on Radioactive Waste Management. The request was made, and the panel responded in the framework of the policy of several past administrations, since enacted into law with adoption of the National Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, that high-level nuclear waste from commercial power reactors shall eventually be permanently isolated in mined geologic repositories.
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The panel explicitly rejected the idea that specific socio economic criteria could be developed at this time to supplement physical science and engineering criteria in the repository selection process. However, through its attention to waste transportation and facility location, effects at a repository site, intergovernmental relations, and the basis for public concern, the panel has identified socioeconomic issues that it views as among the more important social questions facing implementation of a workable radioactive waste management strategy.
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The panel chose to allocate primary attention to spent-fuel management, leaving aside the implications of nuclear fuel reprocessing for waste generation, shipment, and social impact. The panel excluded consideration of commercially generated low-level nuclear wastes, and it has not addressed questions directly relevant to the management of defense wastes, except to note those experiences that offer lessons.
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Although a data base of useful studies and surveys has been emerging, little systematic work has been done in integrating the results or assessing their relevance to policy choices in a radioactive waste management system. Experiential
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The panel believes that further research is required for sound estimates of the social, economic, and political consequences of locating and operating a nuclear waste repository at a particular site in the United States. The panel is also quite certain that those sponsoring and conducting research are in full agreement with this statement; in fact, it is explicitly acknowledged in reports and briefings.
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Potential health effects and the adequacy of the technology for isolating radioactive wastes were considered only to the extent that they impinge on social issues and public concerns. MAJOR SOCIOECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS In its mandate to the panel, the U.S.
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3. What explains public concerns over radioactive wastes?
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9. How adequate are provisions in the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and other existing governmental programs for assuring the time and equitable flow of incentives, impact mitigation, and compensation measures?
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5. What types of failure identification and contingency planning are required for effective implementation of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982?
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Specifically, the socioeconomic and institutional issues associated with facility location and transport modes, routes, distances, and scheduling require greater attention than they have received to date. While the panel believes that the logistical and institutional challenges involved can be met, it finds substantial tasks ahead that merit attention in a formulation and implementation of a national radioactive waste management strategy.
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At the same time, the panel recognizes the potential usefulness of the limited away-from-reactor storage provided for in the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982.
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While the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 provides for this need, several problems may be
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17. Informal processes of planning and conflict resolution can provide valuable supplements to the official administrative and judicial processes outlined in the Nuclear Waste Policy Act.
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19. Transportation of radioactive wastes by truck could be carried out either by a federally owned and operated fleet or by private trucking companies subject to federal and state regulation.
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