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Drinking Water and Health, Volume 5 (1983) / Chapter Skim
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Chlorobenzene
Pages 18-22

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From page 18...
... Carbon tetrachloride is not teratogenic to rats exposed orally, subcutaneously, or via inhalation, but it has been shown to reduce fetal weight after maternally toxic inhalation exposures. The carcinogenicity of carbon tetrachloride was discussed in previous reviews.
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From page 19...
... Since serum SOFT levels were not increased, the authors concluded that stimulation of BDPF flow probably occurred independently of hepatotoxicity. In male mice, however, intraperitoneal injection of chlorobenzene produced dose- and time-dependent hepatotoxicity, as shown by increases in serum SGPT levels (Shelton and Weber, 1981~.
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From page 20...
... Feeding chlorobenzene to male albino rats at dietary levels that were acutely lethal to some of the animals produced a 6-fold increase in urinary excretion of coproporphyrin, followed by increased excretion of porphobilinogen and b-aminolevulinic acid (Rimington and Ziegler, 1963~; unfortunately, the number of animals in the study was small. Chlorobenzene injected intraperitoneally into male Wistar rats produced dose-dependent increases in hepatic b-aminolevulinic acid synthetase at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and in heme oxygenase at doses of 50 to 200 mg/kg and a significant decrease in cytochrome P450 at doses of 200 mg/kg (Ariyoshi et al., 1981~.
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From page 21...
... l, where the q's, which are unknown nonnegative parameters, are estimated by maximum likelihood methods and k represents the number of transitional events in the carcinogenic process that are related to the carcinogen under test. The conversion of animal doses to human doses is based on body surface area, assuming the following weights: humans, 70 kg; rats, 400 g; and mice, 33 g.
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From page 22...
... The basic conclusions and recommendations contained in the 1977 Dnnking Water and Health report remain valid, and mutagenicity and teratogenicity data are still needed. Bioassays for carcinogenesis fulfill the need for some data; however, well-designed studies of subchronic exposures should be conducted to identify species differences in potential hepatotoxicity and to learn which effects should be used as a basis for establishing limits in drinking water.
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Key Terms

  • carbon tetrachloride
  • national toxicology
  • toxicology program
  • drinking water
  • male rats

  • albino rats
  • daily consumption
  • chlorobenzene produced
  • water containing
  • male albino

  • species differences
  • tumor incidence
  • male mice
  • carcinogenic risk
  • risk estimates

  • following injection
  • isocitrate dehydrogenase
  • confidence estimate
  • female mice
  • hours following

  • lower doses
  • urinary excretion
  • limit value
  • soft levels
  • frank liver

  • industrial hygienists
  • acute oral
  • injected intraperitoneally
  • chlorobenzene plus
  • reduce fetal


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